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Risk Factors for Stroke in Patients With Sepsis and Bloodstream Infections.

ABSTRACT: Background and Purpose- Sepsis has been identified as a trigger for stroke, but the underlying mechanisms and risk factors that predispose patients with sepsis to increased stroke risk remain unclear. We sought to identify predictors of stroke after sepsis and bloodstream infections. Methods- The 2007-2009 California State Inpatient Database from the Health Care Utilization Project was used to identify patients over the age of 18 years and hospitalized with sepsis or bloodstream infection defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Patients who died during their sepsis hospitalization were excluded. The primary outcome was a primary diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke on a subsequent hospitalization within 1 year. Associations between risk factors, also defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes, and stroke were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. A composite risk score was generated to predict stroke risk. Results- Of 121?947 patients with sepsis, 0.5% (n=613) had a primary diagnosis of stroke within a year of their sepsis hospitalization. Significant predictors for stroke were identified. A score was generated from these risk factors with points assigned based on regression coefficients: valvular heart diseases (1 point), congestive heart failure (1), renal failure (1), lymphoma (2), peripheral vascular diseases (2), pulmonary circulation disorders (2), and coagulopathy (3). The C statistic for the receiver operating characteristic curve for the score was 0.68. The risk of stroke increased 43% (odds ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.37-1.48) per-point increase in the score. The effect of increase in score was greater among younger patients. Conclusions- Risk factors and a composite risk score for stroke may help identify a subpopulation of sepsis patients that could be targeted to reduce the short-term risk of stroke after serious infections.

SUBMITTER: Shao IY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6476655 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Risk Factors for Stroke in Patients With Sepsis and Bloodstream Infections.

Shao Iris Yuefan IY Elkind Mitchell S V MSV Boehme Amelia K AK

Stroke 20190501 5

Background and Purpose- Sepsis has been identified as a trigger for stroke, but the underlying mechanisms and risk factors that predispose patients with sepsis to increased stroke risk remain unclear. We sought to identify predictors of stroke after sepsis and bloodstream infections. Methods- The 2007-2009 California State Inpatient Database from the Health Care Utilization Project was used to identify patients over the age of 18 years and hospitalized with sepsis or bloodstream infection define ...[more]

PMID: 30896327

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Project description:PurposeThe mixed Candida/bacterial bloodstream infections (mixed C/B-BSIs) is worthy of particular attention recently, and we analyzed the incidence, co-pathogens, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of mixed C/B-BSIs compared with monomicrobial candidemia (mono-candidemia) in adult patients in China.MethodsAll hospitalized adults with candidemia were recruited for this retrospective observational study from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019.ResultsOf the 296 patients with candidemia, 78 cases (26.3%) were mixed C/B-BSIs. Candida albicans (C. albicans) was the most common Candida species among all candidemia, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) was the most concomitant bacteria (30.6%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) (12.9%) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) (11.8%) in mixed C/B-BSIs. In the multivariable analysis, prior β-lactams exposure [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.97; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-3.87], burn injury (aOR, 6.35; 95% CI 1.82-22.21) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (aOR, 3.00; 95% CI 1.46-6.17) were independent risk factors for mixed C/B-BSIs. Compared with mono-candidemia, patients with mixed C/B-BSIs developed with more proportion of septic shock (55.1% vs. 39.9%, P < 0.05), prolonged stay in ICU [22.0(12.0-57.0) vs. 9.5(0.0-37.0) days, P < 0.001] and longer mechanical ventilation time [19.0(4.5-40.8) vs. 6.0(0.0-24.8) days, P < 0.001]. The in-hospital mortality in patients with mixed C/B-BSIs was higher than those with mono-candidemia (59.0% vs. 34.9%, P < 0.001). Survival analysis revealed that 28-day and 60-day mortality were significantly higher in patients with mixed C/B-BSI than in those with mono-candidemia (57.7% vs. 31.7%, P < 0.001; 59.0% vs. 34.9%, P < 0.001; respectively).ConclusionsThere is a high rate of mixed C/B-BSIs cases among candidemia, and K. pneumoniae is the predominant coexisting species. Prior β-lactams exposure, burn injury, and CRRT are independent risk factors for mixed C/B-BSIs. The mortality of patients with mixed C/B-BSIs is significantly higher than those with mono-candidemia, this deserves further attention for clinicians.

Project description:BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, microbiology, and risk factors associated with mortality and multi-drug resistance bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) among adult cancer patients in Shiraz, Iran. We also report a four-year trend of antimicrobial resistance patterns of BSIs.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study at a referral oncology hospital from July 2015 to August 2019, which included all adults with confirmed BSI.Results2393 blood cultures tested during the four-year study period; 414 positive cultures were included. The mean age of our patients was 47.57 ± 17.46 years old. Central Line-Associated BSI (CLABSI) was more common in solid tumors than patients with hematological malignancies. Gram-negative (GN) bacteria were more detected (63.3%, 262) than gram-positive bacteria (36.7%, 152). Escherichia coli was the most common gram-negative organism (123/262, 47%), followed by Pseudomonas spp. (82/262, 31%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (38/262, 14.5%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) was the most frequently isolated pathogen among gram-positive bacteria (83/152, 54.6%). Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., E. coli, and K. pneumoniae were the most common Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producers (100, 96.2, 66.7%, and 60.7, respectively). Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter spp., E. coli, and K. pneumoniae were the most common carbapenem-resistant (CR) isolates (77.8, 70.7, 33.3, 24.4, and 13.2%, respectively). Out of 257 Enterobacterales and non-fermenter gram-negative BSIs, 39.3% (101/257) were carbapenem-resistant. Although the incidence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) gram-negative BSI increased annually during 2015-2018, the mortality rate of gram-negative BSI remains unchanged at about 20% (p-value = 0.55); however, the mortality rate was significantly greater (35.4%) in those with resistant gram-positive BSI (p-value = 0.001). The overall mortality rate was 21.5%. Early (7-day mortality) and late mortality rate (30-day mortality) were 10 and 3.4%, respectively.ConclusionsThe emergence of MDR gram-negative BSI is a significant healthcare problem in oncology centers. The high proportion of the most frequently isolated pathogens were CR and ESBL-producing Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas spp. We have few effective choices against MDRGN BSI, especially in high-risk cancer patients, which necessitate newer treatment options.

Project description:Introduction: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a major cause of mortality all over the world. Inappropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment (i-EAT) impact on mortality has been largely reported. However, information on related factors for the election of i-EAT in the treatment of BSI in adults is lacking. The aim of the study was the identification of risk-factors associated with the use of i-EAT in BSI. Methods: A retrospective, observational cohort study, from a prospective database was conducted in a 400-bed acute-care teaching hospital including all BSI episodes in adult patients between January and December 2018. The main outcome variable was EAT appropriation. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed. Results: 599 BSI episodes were included, 146 (24%) received i-EAT. Male gender, nosocomial and healthcare-associated acquisition of infection, a high Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score and the isolation of multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms were more frequent in the i-EAT group. Adequation to local guidelines' recommendations on EAT resulted in 91% of appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment (a-EAT). Patients receiving i-EAT presented higher mortality rates at day 14 and 30 when compared to patients with a-EAT (14% vs. 6%, p = 0.002 and 22% vs. 9%, p < 0.001 respectively). In the multivariate analysis, a CCI score ≥3 (OR 1.90 (95% CI 1.16-3.12) p = 0.01) and the isolation of a multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganism (OR 3.79 (95% CI 2.28-6.30), p < 0.001) were found as independent risk factors for i-EAT. In contrast, female gender (OR 0.59 (95% CI 0.35-0.98), p = 0.04), a correct identification of clinical syndrome prior to antibiotics administration (OR 0.26 (95% CI 0.16-0.44), p < 0.001) and adherence to local guidelines (OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.13-0.38), p < 0.001) were identified as protective factors against i-EAT. Conclusion: One quarter of BSI episodes received i-EAT. Some of the i-EAT related factors were unmodifiable (male gender, CCI score ≥3 and isolation of a MDR microorganism) but others (incorrect identification of clinical syndrome before starting EAT or the use of local guidelines for EAT) could be addressed to optimize the use of antimicrobials.

Dataset Information

Risk Factors for Stroke in Patients With Sepsis and Bloodstream Infections.

Publications

Risk Factors for Stroke in Patients With Sepsis and Bloodstream Infections.

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