Dataset Information

The Impact of DNA Extraction Methods on Stool Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota Community Recovery.

ABSTRACT: Our understanding of human gut microbiota in health and disease depends on accurate and reproducible microbial data acquisition. The critical step in this process is to apply an appropriate methodology to extract microbial DNA, since biases introduced during the DNA extraction process may result in inaccurate microbial representation. In this study, we attempted to find a DNA extraction protocol which could be effectively used to analyze both the bacterial and fungal community. We evaluated the effect of five DNA extraction methods (QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit, PureLink^TM Microbiome DNA Purification Kit, ZR Fecal DNA MiniPrep^TM Kit, NucleoSpin^® DNA Stool Kit, and IHMS protocol Q) on bacterial and fungal gut microbiome recovery using (i) a defined system of germ-free mice feces spiked with bacterial or fungal strains, and (ii) non-spiked human feces. In our experimental setup, we confirmed that the examined methods significantly differed in efficiency and quality, which affected the identified stool microbiome composition. In addition, our results indicated that fungal DNA extraction might be prone to be affected by reagent/kit contamination, and thus an appropriate blank control should be included in mycobiome research. Overall, standardized IHMS protocol Q, recommended by the International Human Microbiome Consortium, performed the best when considering all the parameters analyzed, and thus could be applied not only in bacterial, but also in fungal microbiome research.

SUBMITTER: Fiedorova K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6479168 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Impact of DNA Extraction Methods on Stool Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota Community Recovery.

Fiedorová Kristýna K Radvanský Matěj M Němcová Eva E Grombiříková Hana H Bosák Juraj J Černochová Michaela M Lexa Matej M Šmajs David D Freiberger Tomáš T

Frontiers in microbiology 20190417

Our understanding of human gut microbiota in health and disease depends on accurate and reproducible microbial data acquisition. The critical step in this process is to apply an appropriate methodology to extract microbial DNA, since biases introduced during the DNA extraction process may result in inaccurate microbial representation. In this study, we attempted to find a DNA extraction protocol which could be effectively used to analyze both the bacterial and fungal community. We evaluated the ...[more]

PMID: 31057522

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Project description:BACKGROUND:The human intestinal microbiota contains a vast community of microorganisms increasingly studied using high-throughput DNA sequencing. Standardized protocols for storage and DNA extraction from fecal samples have been established mostly for bacterial microbiota analysis. Here, we investigated the impact of storage and DNA extraction on bacterial and fungal community structures detected concomitantly. METHODS:Fecal samples from healthy adults were stored at -80°C as such or diluted in RNAlater® and subjected to 2 extraction protocols with mechanical lysis: the Powersoil® MoBio kit or the International Human Microbiota Standard (IHMS) Protocol Q. Libraries of the 12 samples targeting the V3-V4 16S and the ITS1 regions were prepared using Metabiote® (Genoscreen) and sequenced on GS-FLX-454. Sequencing data were analysed using SHAMAN (http://shaman.pasteur.fr/). The bacterial and fungal microbiota were compared in terms of diversity and relative abundance. RESULTS:We obtained 171869 and 199089 quality-controlled reads for 16S and ITS, respectively. All 16S reads were assigned to 41 bacterial genera; only 52% of ITS reads were assigned to 40 fungal genera/section. Rarefaction curves were satisfactory in 3/3 and 2/3 subjects for 16S and ITS, respectively. PCoA showed important inter-individual variability of intestinal microbiota largely overweighing the effect of storage or extraction. Storage in RNAlater® impacted (downward trend) the relative abundances of 7/41 bacterial and 6/40 fungal taxa, while extraction impacted randomly 18/41 bacterial taxa and 1/40 fungal taxon. CONCLUSION:Our results showed that RNAlater® moderately impacts bacterial or fungal community structures, while extraction significantly influences the bacterial composition. For combined bacterial and fungal intestinal microbiota analysis, immediate sample freezing should be preferred when feasible, but storage in RNAlater® remains an option under unfavourable conditions or for concomitant metatranscriptomic analysis; and extraction should rely on protocols validated for bacterial analysis, such as IHMS Protocol Q, and including a powerful mechanical lysis, essential for fungal extraction.

Project description:Untargeted sequencing of nucleic acids present in food can inform the detection of food safety and origin, as well as product tampering and mislabeling issues. The application of such technologies to food analysis may reveal valuable insights that are simply unobtainable by targeted testing, leading to the efforts of applying such technologies in the food industry. However, before these approaches can be applied, it is imperative to verify that the most appropriate methods are used at every step of the process: gathering of primary material, laboratory methods, data analysis, and interpretation. The focus of this study is on gathering the primary material, in this case, DNA. We used bovine milk as a model to (i) evaluate commercially available kits for their ability to extract nucleic acids from inoculated bovine milk, (ii) evaluate host DNA depletion methods for use with milk, and (iii) develop and evaluate a selective lysis-propidium monoazide (PMA)-based protocol for host DNA depletion in milk. Our results suggest that magnetically based nucleic acid extraction methods are best for nucleic acid isolation of bovine milk. Removal of host DNA remains a challenge for untargeted sequencing of milk, highlighting the finding that the individual matrix characteristics should always be considered in food testing. Some reported methods introduce bias against specific types of microbes, which may be particularly problematic in food safety, where the detection of Gram-negative pathogens and hygiene indicators is essential. Continuous efforts are needed to develop and validate new approaches for untargeted metagenomics in samples with large amounts of DNA from a single host. IMPORTANCE Tracking the bacterial communities present in our food has the potential to inform food safety and product origin. To do so, the entire genetic material present in a sample is extracted using chemical methods or commercially available kits and sequenced using next-generation platforms to provide a snapshot of the microbial composition. Because the genetic material of higher organisms present in food (e.g., cow in milk or beef, wheat in flour) is around 1,000 times larger than the bacterial content, challenges exist in gathering the information of interest. Additionally, specific bacterial characteristics can make them easier or harder to detect, adding another layer of complexity to this issue. In this study, we demonstrate the impact of using different methods for the ability to detect specific bacteria and highlight the need to ensure that the most appropriate methods are being used for each particular sample.

Project description:PurposeIt is a challenge to find a better microorganisms DNA extraction method for samples taken from the lower airways for metagenomic sequencing, as the concentrations of bacteria in the alveoli and small airways are likely considerably less than that of the mouth or lower digestive tract. Background DNA from the host, and extraction biases can significantly interfere with microbiota assessment and increase the cost of sequencing. This study aimed to develop an optimized DNA extraction method, which would enable a higher concentration of microbial DNA to be extracted from the samples.MethodsWe compared the microbiota profiles of the lower airway communities in twelve individuals with IIP. DNA was extracted using three different extraction methods: QIAamp UCP PurePathogen Blood Kit named kit3 in this study, QIAamp UCP Pathogen Mini Kit named kit2, and QIAamp DNA Microbiome Kit named kit1. DNA libraries were constructed according to the manufacturer's instructions (Illumina). The same workflows from Illumina were used to perform cluster generation, template hybridization, isothermal amplification, linearization, blocking, denaturing, and hybridization of the sequencing primers. Raw data was uploaded to MG-RAST v3 and analyzed.ResultsA great number of bacterium inhabits the lower airways of patients with IIP, though there is no airway infection. More bacterium was found in mouth or upper airway. DNA concentrations of DNA samples isolated with kit1 with Benzonase were significantly lower than those isolated with the other two kits for BALF and mouthwash samples. Moreover, the ratio of human genome in clean reads of samples isolated with kit1 with Benzonase was remarkably smaller than those isolated with kit2 and kit3. The relative abundance of total bacteria, the total number of taxa, and the relative abundance of taxa in BALF samples as opposed to mouthwash samples with kit1 were significantly higher than for those extracted the other kits.ConclusionA microbial DNA extraction method with pretreatment of depletion of host nucleic acid by Benzonase can enable a higher yield of microbial DNA from samples with a higher fraction of host cells to be obtained. The lower airways of patients with IIP without airway infection were inhabited by a great number of bacterium.

Dataset Information

The Impact of DNA Extraction Methods on Stool Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota Community Recovery.

Publications

The Impact of DNA Extraction Methods on Stool Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota Community Recovery.

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