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Nrf2 activation in myeloid cells and endothelial cells differentially mitigates sickle cell disease pathology in mice.

ABSTRACT: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a monogenic mutation of the ?-globin gene and affects millions of people worldwide. SCD is associated with sustained hemolytic anemia, vasoocclusion, ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxidative tissue damage, inflammatory cell activation, and systemic endothelial dysfunction. The transcription factor Nrf2 coordinates the expression of a wide variety of genes encoding antioxidant, detoxification, and metabolic enzymes. Nrf2 participates in suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and organ protection in SCD. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which Nrf2 ameliorates SCD pathology or how some cells respond to Nrf2 stimuli to alleviate SCD pathology. Here, we asked whether monocytes/granulocytes and/or endothelial cells are particularly critical in alleviating the pathology of SCD. By targeting these cells with a Cre recombinase system, we generated SCD::Keap1F/F::LysM-Cre and Tie1-Cre mice with constitutive Nrf2 activation in monocytes/granulocytes and endothelial cells, respectively. Analyses of SCD::Keap1F/F::LysM-Cre and SCD::Keap1F/F::Tie1-Cre mice revealed significantly reduced inflammation, along with decreased white blood cell counts and lower Tnf? and Il1? expression in the lungs. Notably, SCD::Keap1F/F::LysM-Cre mice exhibited reduced heme distribution in the liver, consistent with a decrease in the damaged areas. Vascular function in SCD::Keap1F/F::Tie1-Cre mice was significantly improved, with a 50% decrease in vascular leakage and low expression of the adhesion molecules Vcam1 and P-selectin. Thus, Nrf2 activation in monocytes/granulocytes and endothelial cells contributes differentially and cooperatively to the improvement of SCD pathology.

SUBMITTER: Keleku-Lukwete N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6482351 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nrf2 activation in myeloid cells and endothelial cells differentially mitigates sickle cell disease pathology in mice.

Keleku-Lukwete Nadine N Suzuki Mikiko M Panda Harit H Otsuki Akihito A Katsuoka Fumiki F Saito Ritsumi R Saigusa Daisuke D Uruno Akira A Yamamoto Masayuki M

Blood advances 20190401 8

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a monogenic mutation of the β-globin gene and affects millions of people worldwide. SCD is associated with sustained hemolytic anemia, vasoocclusion, ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxidative tissue damage, inflammatory cell activation, and systemic endothelial dysfunction. The transcription factor Nrf2 coordinates the expression of a wide variety of genes encoding antioxidant, detoxification, and metabolic enzymes. Nrf2 participates in suppressing proinflamma ...[more]

PMID: 31015205

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Project description:Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) is a copper chelator in clinical trials for treatment of Wilson's disease, tumors and other diseases. In the current study, we innovatively discovered that TTM is a novel NRF2 activator and illustrated that autophagy contributed to TTM-induced NRF2 activation. We showed that TTM treatment promoted NRF2 nuclear translocation and upregulated transcription level of NRF2 target genes including HMOX1, GCLM, and SLC7A11 in vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, NRF2 deficiency directly hindered TTM-mediated antioxidative effects. Followingly, we revealed that overexpression of KEAP1, a negative regulator of NRF2, significantly repressed NRF2 activation induced by TTM. Further mutation analysis revealed that KEAP1 Cys151 is a major sensor responsible for TTM-initiated NRF2 signaling, suggesting that KEAP1 is involved in TTM-mediated NRF2 activation. Notably, we found that TTM can trigger autophagy as evidenced by accumulation of autophagosomes, elevation of LC3BI-II/I, increase of LC3 puncta and activation of AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Autophagic flux assay indicated that TTM significantly enhanced autophagic flux in HUVECs. Inhibition of autophagy with knockout of autophagy key gene ATG5 resulted in suppression of TTM-induced NRF2 activation. TTM also induced phosphorylation of autophagy receptor SQSTM1 at Ser349, while SQSTM1-deficiency inhibited KEAP1 degradation and blocked NRF2 signaling pathway, suggesting that TTM-induced NRF2 activation is autophagy dependent. As the novel NRF2 activator, TTM protected against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)-induced oxidative stress and cell death, while NRF2 deficiency weakened TTM antioxidative effects. Finally, we showed that autophagy-dependent NRF2 activation contributed to the protective effects of TTM against NaAsO2-induced oxidative injury, because of ATG5 or SQSTM1 knockout aggravated NaAsO2-induced elevation of HMOX1, cleaved PARP and γH2AX. Taken together, our findings highlight copper chelator TTM is a novel autophagy-dependent NRF2 activator and shed a new light on the cure for oxidative damage-related diseases.

Dataset Information

Nrf2 activation in myeloid cells and endothelial cells differentially mitigates sickle cell disease pathology in mice.

Publications

Nrf2 activation in myeloid cells and endothelial cells differentially mitigates sickle cell disease pathology in mice.

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