Dataset Information

Transcriptional profiling of innate immune responses in sheep PBMCs induced by Haemonchus contortus soluble extracts.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream signalling pathways, resulting in modulation of host immunity against pathogens. Here, we investigated whether PRR-mediated recognition is involved in host immune responses to the blood-feeding nematode Haemonchus contortus. METHODS:During blood-feeding, H. contortus secretes immune-modulating antigens into host blood. Therefore, we stimulated sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with H. contortus soluble extract (HcAg) and performed transcriptional profiling. RESULTS:HcAg upregulated two genetically linked CLRs (CLEC2L and KLRG2), two NLRs attenuating inflammation (NLRP12 and NLRC3) and one G protein-coupled receptor with potent anti-inflammatory effects (HCAR2). Furthermore, several Th2-related transcription factors (ATF3, IRF4, BCL3 and NFATC) were also upregulated, which may confer anti-inflammatory type 2 immune responses to HcAg. CONCLUSIONS:Together, our preliminary studies provide new insights into how the host innate immune system controls type 2 immunity to H. contortus. Further work will be needed to identify H. contortus products recognized by the host innate immune system and determine the Th2 polarization ability of these putative PRR ligands.

SUBMITTER: Wang S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6482558 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcriptional profiling of innate immune responses in sheep PBMCs induced by Haemonchus contortus soluble extracts.

Wang Si S Hu Dandan D Wang Chaoyue C Tang Xinming X Du Mengze M Gu Xiaolong X Suo Jingxia J Hu Min M Fang Rui R Zhu Xingquan X Zhang Xichen X Du Aifang A Suo Xun X Liu Xianyong X

Parasites & vectors 20190425 1

<h4>Background</h4>Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream signalling pathways, resulting in modulation of host immunity against pathogens. Here, we investigated whether PRR-mediated recognition is involved in host immune responses to the blood-feeding nematode Haemonchus contortus.<h4>Methods</h4>During blood-feeding, H. contortus secretes immune-modulating antigens into host blood. Therefore, we stimulated sheep peripher ...[more]

PMID: 31023355

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Project description:The immune response against Haemonchus contortus infections is primarily associated with the Th2 profile. However, the exact mechanisms associated with increased sheep resistance against this parasite remains poorly elucidated. The present study is aimed at evaluating mediators from the innate immune response in lambs of the Morada Nova Brazilian breed with contrasting H. contortus resistance phenotypes. Briefly, 287 lambs were characterized through fecal egg counts (FEC) and packed cell volume (PCV) after two independent experimental parasitic challenges with 4,000 H. contortus L3. 20 extreme resistance phenotypes (10 most resistant and 10 most susceptible) were selected, subjected to a third artificial infection with 4,000 L3, and euthanized 7 days later. Tissue samples were collected from abomasal fundic and pyloric mucosa and abomasal lymph nodes. Blood samples were collected at days 0 and 7 of the third parasitic challenge. RNA was extracted from tissue and blood samples for relative quantification of innate immune-related genes by RT-qPCR. For the abomasal fundic mucosa, increased TNF? and IL1? expression levels (P < 0.05) were found in the susceptible animals, while resistant animals had IL33 superiorly expressed (P < 0.05). Higher levels (P < 0.05) of TLR2 and CFI were found in the abomasal pyloric mucosa of resistant animals. TNF? was at higher levels (P < 0.05) in the blood of susceptible lambs, at day 0 of the third artificial infection. The exacerbated proinflammatory response observed in susceptible animals, at both local and systemic levels, may be a consequence of high H. contortus parasitism. This hypothesis is corroborated by the higher blood levels of TNF? before the onset of infection, which probably remained elevated from the previous parasitic challenges. On the other hand, resistant lambs had an enhanced response mediated by TLR recognition and complement activation. Nevertheless, this is the first study to directly associate sheep parasitic resistance with IL33, an innate trigger of the Th2-polarized response.

Project description:Culture-independent methods were used to study the microbiota of adult worms, third-stage larvae and eggs, both in faeces and laid in vitro, of Haemonchus contortus, a nematode parasite of the abomasa of ruminants which is a major cause of production losses and ill-health. Bacteria were identified in eggs, the female reproductive tract and the gut of adult and third-stage larvae (L3). PCR amplification of 16S rRNA sequences, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone libraries were used to compare the composition of the microbial communities of the different life-cycle stages of the parasites, as well as parasites and their natural environments. The microbiomes of adult worms and L3 were different from those in the abomasum or faeces respectively. The H. contortus microbiota was mainly comprised of members of the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Bacteria were localised in the gut, inside eggs and within the uterus of adult female worms using the universal FISH Eub338 probe, which targets most bacteria, and were also seen in these tissues by light and transmission electron microscopy. Streptococcus/Lactococcus sp. were identified within the distal uterus with the probe Strc493. Sequences from the genera Weissella and Leuconostoc were found in all life-cycle stages, except eggs collected from faeces, in which most sequences belonged to Clostridium sp. Bacteria affiliated with Weissella/Leuconostoc were identified in both PCR-DGGE short sequences and clone libraries of nearly full length 16S rRNA bacterial sequences in all life-cycle stages and subsequently visualised in eggs by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) with group-specific probes. This strongly suggests they are vertically transmitted endosymbionts. As this study was carried out on a parasite strain which has been maintained in the laboratory, other field isolates will need to be examined to establish whether these bacteria are more widely dispersed and have potential as targets to control H. contortus infections.

Dataset Information

Transcriptional profiling of innate immune responses in sheep PBMCs induced by Haemonchus contortus soluble extracts.

Publications

Transcriptional profiling of innate immune responses in sheep PBMCs induced by Haemonchus contortus soluble extracts.

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