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Differences in anti-inflammatory effect of immature and mature of Rubus coreanus fruits on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages via NF-?B signal pathways.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Rubus coreanus fruit (RF) has been used as a traditional medicine formulation to treat various diseases including diarrhea, asthma, and cancer in East Asia (Korea, China, and Japan). RF, which is native to Korea, has a larger fruit size than that of exotic species. In this study, we aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory activities of immature and mature RF extracted with different solvents. METHODS:Mature and immature RF (MRF and IRF) were extracted with 30% ethanol, 70% ethanol and water at room temperature. The antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production, expression of inflammatory proteins (inducible NO synthase [iNOS], cyclooxygenase [COX]-2, nuclear factor [NF]-?B, and inhibitor of NF-?B [I?B]), and inflammatory cytokines using polymerase chain reaction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. RESULTS:The IRF 30% ethanol extract showed higher radical scavenging activity in DPPH and ABTS assays (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] 16.0?±?0.5 and 15.9?±?0.4) than MRF did. In addition, the IRF 30% ethanol extract (200??g/mL) significantly reduced the production of the inflammatory mediator NO by approximately 80% and inhibited iNOS, COX-2, phosphorylated (p)-I?B, and p-NF-?B activation compared with MRF. Moreover, IRF extract decreased the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-?, interleukin (IL)-1?, and IL-6 compared with the MRF extract. CONCLUSIONS:This study revealed that IRF showed more beneficial effects than MRF did in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, suggesting that IRF may be a useful anti-inflammatory agent.

SUBMITTER: Seo KH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6485102 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Differences in anti-inflammatory effect of immature and mature of Rubus coreanus fruits on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages via NF-κB signal pathways.

Seo Kyung Hye KH   Lee Ji Yeon JY   Park Jeong-Yong JY   Jang Gwi Yeong GY   Kim Hyung Don HD   Lee Young- Seob YS   Kim Dong Hwi DH  

BMC complementary and alternative medicine 20190425 1

<h4>Background</h4>Rubus coreanus fruit (RF) has been used as a traditional medicine formulation to treat various diseases including diarrhea, asthma, and cancer in East Asia (Korea, China, and Japan). RF, which is native to Korea, has a larger fruit size than that of exotic species. In this study, we aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory activities of immature and mature RF extracted with different solvents.<h4>Methods</h4>Mature and immature RF (MRF and IRF) were extracted with 30% ethanol, 7  ...[more]

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