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Feasibility of Weighted Vest Use during a Dietary Weight Loss Intervention and Effects on Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Adults.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:While intentional weight loss in older adults with obesity yields clinically important health benefits there is a need to minimize the negative effects of weight loss on concomitant loss of muscle mass and strength. Data show wearing weighted vests during exercise improves lean mass and lower extremity strength, however the efficacy of wearing a weighted vest during a period of weight loss to mitigate muscle and strength loss is not known. OBJECTIVES:This study examined the feasibility of daily weighted vest use during a dietary weight loss intervention, and examined effects of vest use on body composition and physical function in well-functioning older adults with obesity. DESIGN:Randomized, controlled pilot study. SETTING:Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center in Winston-Salem, NC. PARTICIPANTS:37 older (age=65-79 yrs), obese (BMI=30-40 kg/ m2) sedentary men and women. INTERVENTIONS:22-week behavioral diet intervention (targeting 10% weight loss, 1100-1300 kcals/day) with (Diet+Vest; n=20) or without (Diet; n=17) weighted vest use (goal of 10 hours/ day with weight added weekly according to individual loss of body mass). MEASUREMENTS:Body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and measures of physical function, mobility, and muscle strength/power. RESULTS:Average weighted vest use was 6.7±2.2 hours/day and the vest-wear goal of 10 hrs/day was achieved for 67±22% of total intervention days. Five participants reported adverse events from wearing the vest (all back pain or soreness). Both groups lost a similar amount of weight (Diet= -11.2±4.4 kg; Diet+Vest = -11.0±6.3 kg; p<0.001), with no differences between groups (p=0.25). Fat mass, lean mass, and % body fat decreased significantly (p<0.0001), with no differences between groups. Compared to Diet+Vest, the Diet intervention resulted in greater decreases in leg power (p<0.02), with no other between group differences in physical function. CONCLUSION:This pilot study showed that vest use during dietary weight loss is feasible and safe in well-functioning older adults with obesity. Larger studies are needed to definitively determine whether external replacement of lost weight during caloric restriction may preserve lower extremity muscle strength and power.

SUBMITTER: Normandin E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6489119 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Feasibility of Weighted Vest Use during a Dietary Weight Loss Intervention and Effects on Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Adults.

Normandin E E Yow D D Crotts C C Kiel J J Beavers K M KM Nicklas B J BJ

The Journal of frailty & aging 20180101 3

<h4>Background</h4>While intentional weight loss in older adults with obesity yields clinically important health benefits there is a need to minimize the negative effects of weight loss on concomitant loss of muscle mass and strength. Data show wearing weighted vests during exercise improves lean mass and lower extremity strength, however the efficacy of wearing a weighted vest during a period of weight loss to mitigate muscle and strength loss is not known.<h4>Objectives</h4>This study examined ...[more]

PMID: 30095153

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Project description:BackgroundLower muscle and higher fat mass are characteristics of older adults; their physical function is also characterized by slower gait speed and weaker strength. However, the association between specific body composition and physical function is unclear.MethodsWe examined the association between body composition and physical performance using combined cross-sectional data of 1,821 participants from 13 clinical studies at Wake Forest University that used a consistent battery of tests. All participants were ≥60 years old and had one of the following conditions: healthy, osteoarthritis, coronary artery disease, obesity, heart failure, at elevated risk for disability, renal transplantation candidates, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, moderate self-reported disability, hypertension, diabetes, or coronary artery disease, at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Data at enrollment from each study using uniform tools including body mass index (BMI), dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, physical performance assessment using 4 m walk speed, five chair rise time, handgrip strength, short physical performance battery (17), and Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability were analyzed.ResultsIncreased BMI was associated with slower walk speed, lower short physical performance battery, and higher Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability score. Increased percentage of body fat was associated with slower walk speed, lower hand grip strength, lower short physical performance battery scores, and higher Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability scores. Percent appendicular lean mass was associated with faster walk speed, higher handgrip strength, higher short physical performance battery, and lower Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability score. There were no significant discrepancies in relationship between body composition and physical function by gender except gender and BMI on chair-rise time.ConclusionsHigher BMI and percent body fat were associated with poor physical function while percent appendicular lean mass was associated with better physical function. There was no significant discrepancy in the by gender.

Project description:Background/objectivesPhysiological evidence indicates that high-protein diets reduce caloric intake and increase thermogenic response, which may prevent weight gain and regain after weight loss. Clinical trials have shown such effects, whereas observational cohort studies suggest an association between greater protein intake and weight gain. In both types of studies the results are based on average weight changes, and show considerable diversity in both directions. This study investigates whether the discrepancy in the evidence could be due to recruitment of overweight and obese individuals into clinical trials.Subjects/methodsData were available from the European Diet, Obesity and Genes (DiOGenes) post-weight-loss weight-maintenance trial and the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health (DCH) cohort. Participants of the DCH cohort were matched with participants from the DiOGenes trial on gender, diet, and body characteristics. Different subsets of the DCH-participants, comparable with the trial participants, were analyzed for weight maintenance according to the randomization status (high or low protein) of the matched trial participants.ResultsTrial participants were generally heavier, had larger waist circumference and larger fat mass than the participants in the entire DCH cohort. A better weight maintenance in the high-protein group compared to the low protein group was observed in the subgroups of the DCH cohort matching body characteristics of the trial participants.ConclusionThis modified observational study, minimized the differences between the RCT and observational data with regard to dietary intake, participant characteristics and statistical analysis. Compared with low protein diet the high protein diet was associated with better weight maintenance when individuals with greater body mass index and waist circumference were analyzed. Selecting subsets of large-scale observational cohort studies with similar characteristics as participants in clinical trials may reconcile the otherwise conflicting results.

Dataset Information

Feasibility of Weighted Vest Use during a Dietary Weight Loss Intervention and Effects on Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Adults.

Publications

Feasibility of Weighted Vest Use during a Dietary Weight Loss Intervention and Effects on Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Adults.

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