Dataset Information

Population-based values and abnormalities of the electrocardiogram in the general Dutch population: The LifeLines Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Our aim is to present average values and prevalence of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities among the general Dutch population in the LifeLines Cohort. HYPOTHESIS:The ECG values previously studied in the Caucasian population of smaller cohorts will be confirmed with ECG data from LifeLines. METHODS:ECG data of 152 180 individuals age 18 to 93 years were available. Individuals with cardiovascular risk factors were excluded to analyze the healthy population. Average values of the ECG for the healthy population were presented as means with 95% and 99% confidence intervals and as medians with first and 99th percentiles. RESULTS:Median heart rate was highest in the youngest and oldest individuals of the healthy population. Median duration of P wave, PQ interval, and QRS duration were longer in males compared with females. In contrast, median QT interval corrected for heart rate was higher in females. In general, the above-mentioned parameters increased with age. The prevalences of ECG abnormalities adjusted for the Dutch population were 0.9% for atrial fibrillation or flutter, 1.4% for premature atrial complexes, 0.5% for myocardial infarction, 2.1% for ventricular premature complexes, 1.0% for left ventricular hypertrophy, 8.1% for P-R interval >200 ms, and 0.8% for bundle branch block. CONCLUSIONS:Our study provides an overview of average values and ECG abnormalities and confirms data of previous smaller studies. In addition, we evaluate the age- and sex-dependent normal limits of the P wave and QRS duration and confirm in detail the frontal plane QRS-T angle on the ECG.

SUBMITTER: van der Ende MY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6490340 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Population-based values and abnormalities of the electrocardiogram in the general Dutch population: The LifeLines Cohort Study.

van der Ende M Yldau MY Siland Joylene E JE Snieder Harold H van der Harst Pim P Rienstra Michiel M

Clinical cardiology 20170612 10

<h4>Background</h4>Our aim is to present average values and prevalence of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities among the general Dutch population in the LifeLines Cohort.<h4>Hypothesis</h4>The ECG values previously studied in the Caucasian population of smaller cohorts will be confirmed with ECG data from LifeLines.<h4>Methods</h4>ECG data of 152 180 individuals age 18 to 93 years were available. Individuals with cardiovascular risk factors were excluded to analyze the healthy population. Av ...[more]

PMID: 28605034

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Project description:BackgroundSeveral studies have found a U-shaped association between sodium intake and mortality. The increased mortality risk of low sodium intake has raised debates and hampers widespread acceptance of public health campaigns and dietary guidelines on reducing sodium intake. Whether the excess risk can be attributed to low sodium intake alone or concomitant inadequate intake of other relevant nutrients is unknown.ObjectiveWe investigated whether concomitant low protein intake could explain the lower part of the U-shaped association of sodium intake with all-cause mortality.MethodsWe included 1603 individuals aged between 60 and 75 years old from the gender- and socioeconomic status-balanced prospective Lifelines-MINUTHE cohort study. Using multivariable Cox regression analyses, we investigated the association of sodium intake (24 h urinary sodium excretion) with all-cause mortality, including the interaction with protein intake calculated from the Maroni formula.ResultsMean intakes of sodium and protein were 3.9 ± 1.6 g/day and 1.1 ± 0.3 g/kg/day, respectively. After a median follow-up of 8.9 years, 125 individuals (7.8%) had died. The proportion of participants with insufficient protein intake (<0.8 g/kg/day) was inversely related to sodium intake (i.e., 23.3% in Q1 versus 2.8% in Q4, p < 0.001). We found an increased risk for mortality in both the highest quartile (Q4, >4.7 g/day; hazard ratio (HR) 1.74 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-2.95)) and the lowest two quartiles of sodium intake (Q1, 0.7-2.8 g/day; 2.05 (1.16-3.62); p = 0.01 and Q2, 2.8-3.6 g/day; 1.85 (1.08-3.20); p = 0.03), compared with the third quartile of sodium intake (Q3, 3.6-4.7 g/day). This U-shaped association was significantly modified by protein intake (Pinteraction = 0.006), with the increased mortality risk of low sodium intake being reversed to the lowest mortality risk with concomitant high protein intake. In contrast, the increased mortality risk of low sodium intake was magnified by concomitant low protein intake.ConclusionsWe found that a higher protein intake counteracts the increased mortality risk observed in subjects with a low sodium intake. In contrast, a joint low intake of sodium and protein is associated with an increased mortality risk, allegedly due to poor nutritional status. These findings support the guidelines that advocate a lower sodium intake, while highlighting the importance of recognizing overall nutritional status among older adults.

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Dataset Information

Population-based values and abnormalities of the electrocardiogram in the general Dutch population: The LifeLines Cohort Study.

Publications

Population-based values and abnormalities of the electrocardiogram in the general Dutch population: The LifeLines Cohort Study.

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