Dataset Information

Increased Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 in Cortical Lesions of Patients with Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

ABSTRACT: AIM:Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) represents a well-known cause of medically intractable epilepsy. Studies found that transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 4 (TRPV4) may participate in the occurrence of seizures. This study investigated the expression patterns of TRPV4 in FCD and the cascade that regulate functional state of TRPV4 in cortical neurons. METHODS:Thirty-nine surgical specimens from FCD patients and 10 age-matched control samples from autopsies were included in this study. Protein expression and distribution were detected by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. Calcium imaging was used to detect the TRPV4-mediated Ca(2+) influx in cortical neurons. RESULTS:(1) The protein levels of TRPV4 and of an upstream factor, protein kinase C (PKC), were markedly elevated in FCD. (2) TRPV4 staining was stronger in the dysplastic cortices of FCD and mainly observed in neuronal microcolumns and malformed cells. (3) The activation of TRPV4 was central for [Ca(2+)]i elevation in cortical neurons, and this activity of TRPV4 in cortical neurons was regulated by the PKC, but not the PKA, pathway. CONCLUSION:The overexpression and altered cellular distribution of TRPV4 in FCD suggest that TRPV4 may potentially contribute to the epileptogenesis of FCD.

SUBMITTER: Chen X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6492806 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Increased Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 in Cortical Lesions of Patients with Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Chen Xin X Sun Fei-Ji FJ Wei Yu-Jia YJ Wang Lu-Kang LK Zang Zhen-Le ZL Chen Bing B Li Song S Liu Shi-Yong SY Yang Hui H

CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 20160204 4

<h4>Aim</h4>Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) represents a well-known cause of medically intractable epilepsy. Studies found that transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 4 (TRPV4) may participate in the occurrence of seizures. This study investigated the expression patterns of TRPV4 in FCD and the cascade that regulate functional state of TRPV4 in cortical neurons.<h4>Methods</h4>Thirty-nine surgical specimens from FCD patients and 10 age-matched control samples from autopsies were included ...[more]

PMID: 26842013

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Project description:Calcium balance is important in bone homeostasis. The transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel is a nonselective cation channel permeable to calcium and is activated by various physiological and pharmacological stimuli. TRPV1 and TRPV4, in particular, have important roles in intracellular Ca2+ signaling and extracellular calcium homeostasis in bone cells. TRPV1 and TRPV4 separately mediate osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, and deficiency in any of these channels leads to increased bone mass. However, it remains unknown whether bone mass increases in the absence of both TRPV1 and TRPV4. In this study, we used TRPV1 and TRPV4 double knockout (DKO) mice to evaluate their bone mass in vivo, and osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Our results showed that DKO mice and wild type (WT) mice had no significant difference in body weight and femur length. However, the results of dual-energy X-ray absorption, microcomputed tomography, and bone histomorphometry clearly showed that DKO mice had higher bone mass than WT mice. Furthermore, DKO mice had less multinucleated osteoclasts and had lower bone resorption. In addition, the results of cell culture using flushed bone marrow from mouse femurs and tibias showed that osteoclast differentiation was suppressed, whereas osteoblast differentiation was promoted in DKO mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that the increase in bone mass in DKO mice was induced not only by the suppression of osteoclast differentiation and activity but also by the augmentation of osteoblast differentiation and activity. Our findings reveal that both the single deficiency of TRPVs and the concurrent deficiency of TRPVs result in an increase in bone mass. Furthermore, our data showed that DKO mice and single KO mice had varying approaches to osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation in vitro, and therefore, it is important to conduct further studies on TRPVs regarding the increase in bone mass to explore not only individual but also a combination of TRPVs.

Project description:PurposeHydration and ionic composition of the subretinal space (SRS) is modulated by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In particular calcium concentration (Ca(2+)) in the SRS varies with light exposure, and although this change is regulated by RPE transport activity, the specific transport proteins involved have yet to be defined. Two members of the transient receptor potential vanilloid family, TRPV5 and TRPV6, are calcium selective ion channels and are known to be expressed in calcium-transporting epithelial tissues. The present work characterizes of TRPV5 and TRPV6 in RPE.MethodsReverse transcriptase PCR was used to examine the presence of TRPV5 and TRPV6 mRNA in cultured human RPE. Protein expression was assessed by western blotting using TRPV5- and TRPV6-specific antibodies. Immunocytochemistry was employed to examine subcellular localization of TRPV5 and TRPV6 in frozen, formaldehyde-fixed sections of native RPE-choroid tissue and in cultured human RPE monolayers. Finally, TRPV5/TRPV6 activity was assessed in cultured RPE, using Ca(2+) indicator dyes to follow [Ca(2+)](i) as a function of changes in [Ca(2+)](o) with and without addition of the TRPV5/TRPV6 inhibitor ruthenium red.ResultsDirect sequencing of PCR DNAs documented the presence of TRPV5 and TRPV6 transcripts in human RPE. Immunocytochemistry showed that TRPV5 and TRPV6 are expressed in native RPE-choroid tissue with strong immunoreactivity for both channels on the apical as well as the basal plasma membranes. Immunostaining for both channels was also positive in monolayers of cultured RPE cells. In cultured cells subcellular localization was variable with immunoreactivity present in the cytoplasmic domain as well as on the plasma membrane. Plasma membrane staining was increased with phagocytosis. The reported molecular weight of the core protein for both TRPV5 and TRPV6 is about 75 kDa, with the expected size of the glycosylated proteins in the range of 85-100 kDa. Western blot analysis of TRPV6 in RPE detected a distinct band at approximately 85 kDa, with another strong band at approximately 60 kDa. A similar pattern was seen for TRPV5, with strong bands at 82 kDa and 71 kDa. In live-cell imaging experiments, [Ca(2+)](i) was lower in the presence of the TRPV5/TRPV6 inhibitor ruthenium red.ConclusionsRPE expresses the epithelial calcium channels TRPV5 and TRPV6, the most calcium-selective channels of the TRP superfamily. Present findings suggest that these channels could function in RPE to mediate calcium influx from SRS and thus regulate changes in SRS calcium composition that accompany light/dark transitions.

Dataset Information

Increased Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 in Cortical Lesions of Patients with Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Publications

Increased Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 in Cortical Lesions of Patients with Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

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