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High Burden of Palliative Care Needs of Older Adults During Emergency Major Abdominal Surgery.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:To quantify preoperative illness burden in older adults undergoing emergency major abdominal surgery (EMAS), to examine the association between illness burden and postoperative outcomes, and to describe end-of-life care in the year after discharge. DESIGN:Retrospective study using data from Health and Retirement Study interviews linked to Medicare claims (2000-2012). SETTING:National population-based dataset. PARTICIPANTS:Medicare beneficiaries who underwent EMAS. MEASUREMENTS:High illness burden, defined as ?2 of the following vulnerabilities: functional dependence, dementia, use of helpers, multimorbidity, poor prognosis, high healthcare utilization. In-hospital outcomes were complications and mortality. Postdischarge outcomes included emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and 365-day mortality. For individuals discharged alive who died within 365 days of surgery, outcomes included hospice use, hospitalization, ICU use, and ED use in the last 30 days of life. Multivariable regression was used to determine the association between illness burden and outcomes. RESULTS:Of 411 participants, 57% had high illness burden. More individuals with high illness burden had complications (45% vs 28% p=0.00) and in-hospital death (20% vs 9%, p=0.00) than those without. After discharge (n=349), individuals with high illness burden experienced more ED visits (57% vs 46%, P=.04) and were more likely to die (35% vs 13%, p=0.00). Of those who died after discharge (n=86), 75% had high illness burden, median survival was 67 days (range 21-141 days), 48% enrolled in hospice, 32% died in the hospital, 23% were in the ICU in the last 30 days of life and 37% had an ED visit in the last 30 days of life. CONCLUSION:Most older adults undergoing EMAS have preexisting high illness burden and experience high mortality and healthcare use in the year after surgery, particularly near the end of life. Concurrent surgical and palliative care may improve quality of life and end-of-life care in these people. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2072-2078, 2018.

SUBMITTER: Cooper Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6494102 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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High Burden of Palliative Care Needs of Older Adults During Emergency Major Abdominal Surgery.

Cooper Zara Z Lilley Elizabeth J EJ Bollens-Lund Evan E Mitchell Susan L SL Ritchie Christine S CS Lipstiz Stuart R SR Kelley Amy S AS

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 20180924 11

<h4>Objectives</h4>To quantify preoperative illness burden in older adults undergoing emergency major abdominal surgery (EMAS), to examine the association between illness burden and postoperative outcomes, and to describe end-of-life care in the year after discharge.<h4>Design</h4>Retrospective study using data from Health and Retirement Study interviews linked to Medicare claims (2000-2012).<h4>Setting</h4>National population-based dataset.<h4>Participants</h4>Medicare beneficiaries who underwe ...[more]

PMID: 30247747

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Project description:To systematically review the current literature on mortality and functional outcomes after emergency major abdominal surgery in older adults.Systematic literature search and standardized data collection of primary research publications from January 1994 through December 2013 on mortality or functional outcome in adults aged 65 and older after emergency major abdominal surgery using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CINAHL. Bibliographies of relevant reports were also hand-searched to identify all potentially eligible studies.Systematic review of retrospective and cohort studies using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses, Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology, and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews guidelines.Older adults.Articles were assessed using a standardized quality scoring system based on study design, measurement of exposures, measurement of outcomes, and control for confounding.Of 1,459 articles screened, 93 underwent full-text review, and 20 were systematically reviewed. In-hospital and 30-day mortality of all older adults exceeded 15% in 14 of 16 studies, where reported. Older adults undergoing emergency major abdominal surgery consistently had higher mortality across study settings and procedure types than younger individuals undergoing emergency procedures and older adults undergoing elective procedures. In studies that stratified older adults, odds of death increased with age. None of these studies examined postoperative functional status, which precluded including functional outcomes in this review. Differences in exposures, outcomes, and data presented in the studies did not allow for quantification of association using metaanalysis.Age independently predicts mortality after emergency major abdominal surgery. Data on changes in functional status of older adults who undergo these procedures are lacking.

Project description:BackgroundThe Emergency Medicine Palliative Care Access (EMPallA) trial is a large, multicenter, parallel, two-arm randomized controlled trial in emergency department (ED) patients comparing two models of palliative care: nurse-led telephonic case management and specialty, outpatient palliative care. This report aims to: 1) report baseline demographic and quality of life (QOL) data for the EMPallA cohort, 2) identify the association between illness type and baseline QOL while controlling for other factors, and 3) explore baseline relationships between illness type, symptom burden, and loneliness.MethodsPatients aged 50+ years with advanced cancer (metastatic solid tumor) or end-stage organ failure (New York Heart Association Class III or IV heart failure, end stage renal disease with glomerular filtration rate < 15 mL/min/m2, or Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Stage III, IV, or oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease defined as FEV1 < 50%) are eligible for enrollment. Baseline data includes self-reported demographics, QOL measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), loneliness measured by the Three-Item UCLA Loneliness Scale, and symptom burden measured by the Edmonton Revised Symptom Assessment Scale. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic variables, a linear regression model measured the importance of illness type in predicting QOL, and chi-square tests of independence were used to quantify relationships between illness type, symptom burden, and loneliness.ResultsBetween April 2018 and April 3, 2020, 500 patients were enrolled. On average, end-stage organ failure patients had lower QOL as measured by the FACT-G scale than cancer patients with an estimated difference of 9.6 points (95% CI: 5.9, 13.3), and patients with multiple conditions had a further reduction of 7.4 points (95% CI: 2.4, 12.5), when adjusting for age, education level, race, sex, immigrant status, presence of a caregiver, and hospital setting. Symptom burden and loneliness were greater in end-stage organ failure than in cancer.ConclusionsThe EMPallA trial is enrolling a diverse sample of ED patients. Differences by illness type in QOL, symptom burden, and loneliness demonstrate how distinct disease trajectories manifest in the ED.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03325985 . Registered October 30, 2017.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Preoperative endothelial dysfunction is a predictor of myocardial injury and major adverse cardiac events. Non-cardiac surgery is known to induce acute endothelial changes. The aim of this explorative cohort study was to assess the extent of systemic endothelial dysfunction after major emergency abdominal surgery and the potential association with postoperative myocardial injury. METHODS:Patients undergoing major emergency abdominal surgery were included in this prospective cohort study. The primary outcome was the change in endothelial function expressed as the reactive hyperemia index from 4-24 h after surgery until postoperative day 3-5. The reactive hyperemia index was assessed by non-invasive digital pulse tonometry. Secondary outcomes included changes in biomarkers of nitric oxide metabolism and bioavailability. All assessments were performed at the two separate time points in the postoperative period. Clinical outcomes included myocardial injury within the third postoperative day and major adverse cardiovascular events within 30?days of surgery. RESULTS:Between October 2016 and June 2017, 83 patients were included. The first assessment of the endothelial function, 4-24?h, was performed 15.8 (SD 6.9) hours after surgery and the second assessment, postoperative day 3-5, was performed 83.7 (SD 19.8) hours after surgery. The reactive hyperemia index was suppressed early after surgery and did not increase significantly; 1.64 (95% CI 1.52-177) at 4-24?h after surgery vs. 1.75 (95% CI 1.63-1.89) at postoperative day 3-5, p =?0.34. The L-arginine/ADMA ratio, expressing the nitric oxide production, was reduced in the perioperative period and correlated significantly with the reactive hyperemia index. A total of 16 patients (19.3%) had a major adverse cardiovascular event, of which 11 patients (13.3%) had myocardial injury. The L-arginine/ADMA ratio was significantly decreased at 4-24?h after surgery in patients suffering myocardial injury. CONCLUSION:This explorative pathophysiological study showed that acute systemic endothelial dysfunction was present early after major emergency abdominal surgery and remained unchanged until day 3-5 after the procedure. Early postoperative disturbances in the nitric oxide bioavailability might add to the pathogenesis of myocardial injury. This pathophysiological link should be confirmed in larger studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION:clinicaltrials.gov no. NCT03010969.

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High Burden of Palliative Care Needs of Older Adults During Emergency Major Abdominal Surgery.

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High Burden of Palliative Care Needs of Older Adults During Emergency Major Abdominal Surgery.

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