Optical correction of refractive error for preventing and treating eye symptoms in computer users.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Heus P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6494484 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundTraditional Chinese eye exercises of acupoints involve acupoint self-massage. These have been advocated as a compulsory measure to reduce ocular fatigue, as well as to retard the development of myopia, among Chinese school children. This study evaluated the impact of these eye exercises among Chinese urban children.Methods409 children (195 males, 47.7%), aged 11.1?±?3.2 (range 6-17) years, from the Beijing Myopia Progression Study (BMPS) were recruited. All had completed the eye exercise questionnaire, the convergence insufficiency symptom survey (CISS), and a cycloplegic autorefraction. Among these, 395 (96.6%) performed the eye exercises of acupoints. Multiple logistic regressions for myopia and multiple linear regressions for the CISS score (after adjusting for age, gender, average parental refractive error, and time spent doing near work and outdoor activity) for the different items of the eye exercises questionnaire were performed.ResultsOnly the univariate odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for "seriousness of attitude" towards performing the eye exercises of acupoints (0.51, 0.33-0.78) showed a protective effect towards myopia. However, none of the odds ratios were significant after adjusting for the confounding factors. The univariate and multiple ? coefficients for the CISS score were -2.47 (p?=?0.002) and -1.65 (p?=?0.039), -3.57 (p?=?0.002) and -2.35 (p?=?0.042), and -2.40 (p?=?0.003) and -2.29 (p?=?0.004), for attitude, speed of exercise, and acquaintance with acupoints, respectively, which were all significant.ConclusionsThe traditional Chinese eye exercises of acupoints appeared to have a modest effect on relieving near vision symptoms among Chinese urban children aged 6 to 17 years. However, no remarkable effect on reducing myopia was observed.
| S-EPMC3828420 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Suboptimal cataract surgery outcomes remain a challenge in most developing countries. In Ghana, about 2 million people have been reported to be blind due to cataract with about 20% new cases being recorded yearly. The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative correction of refractive errors after cataract surgery in a selected eye hospital in Ashanti Region, Ghana. This was a retrospective study where medical records of patients (aged 40-100) who reported to an eye hospital in Ghana from 2013-2018 were reviewed. Included in the study were patients aged ≥40 years and patients with complete records. Data on patient demographics, type of surgery, intra-ocular lens (PCIOL) power, availability of biometry, postoperative refraction outcomes, pre- and postoperative visual acuity were analyzed. Data of two hundred and thirteen eyes of 190 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were carried out to determine the mean, median, standard deviation and relevant associations. The mean ± SD age was 67.21±12.2 years (51.2% were females). Small Incision Cataract Surgery (99.5%) with 100% IOL implants was the main cataract surgery procedure in this study. Pre-operative biometry was performed for 38.9% of all patients on their first eye surgery and 41.5% for second eye surgeries. About 71% eyes in this study were blind (presenting VA<3/60) before surgery; 40.4% had post-operative VA <3/60. Pre-existing ocular comorbidities discovered post- surgery, attributed to suboptimal visual outcomes. More than half (55.3%) of patients did not undergo postoperative refraction due to loss to follow-up. Year of surgery (p = .017), follow up visits< 2months (p < .0001) and discovered comorbidity post-surgery (p = .035) were the factors significantly associated with postoperative refraction. Myopia and compound myopic astigmatism were the dominant refractive error outcomes. The timing of post-operative refraction had a significant effect on postoperative refraction done. These findings indicate a clinically meaningful significance between completion of postoperative care and postoperative refraction done. Consequently, with settings in most developing countries, where less biometry is done, it is appropriate that post-operative refractive services are encouraged and done earlier to enhance the patients' expectations while increasing cataract surgery patronage.
| S-EPMC8211256 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: To explore the associations between refractive errors and multiple eye health outcomes. Methods: This is an umbrella review based on systematic reviews with meta-analyses. In our study, refractive errors included myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia. We reconducted the meta-analyses whose primary data were available in sufficient detail by random effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed by I 2. The main outcomes included myopic macular degeneration (MMD), retinal detachment (RD), cataract, open-angle glaucoma (OAG), strabismus, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Results: Myopia was associated with increased risk of MMD (relative risk = 102.11, 95% CI 52.6-198.22), RD (3.45, 1.08-11.00), nuclear cataract (2.15, 1.53-3.03), posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract (1.74, 1.41-2.15), OAG (1.95, 1.74-2.19), exotropia (5.23, 2.26-12.09), but decreased risk of DR (0.83, 0.66-1.04), and early AMD (0.80, 0.67-0.94). From mild-to-high myopia, the association strengthened for MMD, RD, nuclear cataract, PSC cataract, OAG, and DR. Hyperopia was associated with an increased risk of early AMD (1.09, 1.01-1.18) and esotropia (22.94, 10.20-51.62). Astigmatism and anisometropia were associated with increased risk of both exotropia and esotropia. Conclusions: Myopia, especially high myopia, demonstrated the highest risk for eye health outcomes, such as MMD, RD, OAG, nuclear and PSC cataracts, and exotropia. However, myopia was associated with a lower risk of early AMD and DR. Individuals with hyperopia are more likely to suffer early AMD and esotropia. Astigmatism and anisometropia predispose to strabismus. A lot of research studies on the mechanism of the associations are needed. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=239744; identifier: 239744.
| S-EPMC8599990 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We compare dissected ocular tissues from wild-type and lrp2-/- mutant adult zebrafish in order to examine the genetic pathways underlying the enlarged eye phenotype observed in the absence of Lrp2. ABSTRACT: Mutations in LRP2, a transmembrane receptor, cause ocular enlargement and high-myopia. LRP2 is expressed by the RPE and eye ciliary epithelia, binding many extracellular ligands, including Bmp4 and Shh. Signaling mediated by LRP2 is very context-dependent, and how multiple pathways are coordinated is unknown. Transcriptome analyses of ocular tissues revealed that controlled, sustained BMP signaling from the RPE is critical for normal eye growth and emmetropia (proper refraction). Using human iPSC-derived RPE, and zebrafish, we demonstrate that BACE sheddase-dependent LRP2 cleavage produces a soluble domain that binds BMP4, inhibiting its signaling. We propose that controlled proteolytic cleavage of LRP2 makes two ligand-binding receptor forms available: a soluble BMP trap, and a membrane-bound RPE signaling facilitator. By modulating LRP2 cleavage, cells can fine-tune and coordinate multiple signaling pathways. This data supports the concept that LRP2 acts as a homeostasis node that buffers and integrates diverse signaling to regulate emmetropic eye growth.
2018-06-01 | GSE97125 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundRefractive errors are the most common vision problem and prove to be a significant health issue. There are several methods for correction of refractive errors including spectacles, contact lenses and refractive surgery. Nowadays, the reliance on contact lenses and glasses is decreased by means of refractive eye surgery. Our study aimed to determine the awareness of refractive surgery among undergraduate medical students and their preferred method of refractive error correction.MethodThis was a cross-sectional study that was conducted among a sample size of 374 medical students at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in June-August 2020. Data were collected through a questionnaire which consisted of 20 questions to assess the demographics, awareness about refractive surgery and preferred method of correction. The data were entered using Microsoft Excel 2016 and analyzed by SPSS version 21.ResultsOur results showed that 177 of participants had refractive errors. Most participants complained of myopia (66.7%) and the most preferred correction method was spectacles (45.8%). Among users of spectacles, 53.7% found the spectacles comfortable due to ease of use. Majority of the students (92.1%) were aware of refractive surgery and 73% of them were willing to undergo refractive surgery. Many obtained their information regarding these procedures from family and friends (55.1%). The remaining refused to undergo surgery and the primary reason was fear of the complications of the procedure (14.1%).ConclusionThough corrective refractive surgery is a commonly performed procedure, extensive knowledge regarding this correction method and its complications is poor among medical students. The results showed that the majority have heard of refractive surgery, however, fear of undergoing surgery was still present. We suggest that refractive error correction surgery be taught by physicians during Ophthalmology rotations so that knowledge may be gained from more reliable sources.
| S-EPMC8632833 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To estimate the prevalence of refractive error in adults across Europe. Refractive data (mean spherical equivalent) collected between 1990 and 2013 from fifteen population-based cohort and cross-sectional studies of the European Eye Epidemiology (E(3)) Consortium were combined in a random effects meta-analysis stratified by 5-year age intervals and gender. Participants were excluded if they were identified as having had cataract surgery, retinal detachment, refractive surgery or other factors that might influence refraction. Estimates of refractive error prevalence were obtained including the following classifications: myopia ≤-0.75 diopters (D), high myopia ≤-6D, hyperopia ≥1D and astigmatism ≥1D. Meta-analysis of refractive error was performed for 61,946 individuals from fifteen studies with median age ranging from 44 to 81 and minimal ethnic variation (98 % European ancestry). The age-standardised prevalences (using the 2010 European Standard Population, limited to those ≥25 and <90 years old) were: myopia 30.6 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 30.4-30.9], high myopia 2.7 % (95 % CI 2.69-2.73), hyperopia 25.2 % (95 % CI 25.0-25.4) and astigmatism 23.9 % (95 % CI 23.7-24.1). Age-specific estimates revealed a high prevalence of myopia in younger participants [47.2 % (CI 41.8-52.5) in 25-29 years-olds]. Refractive error affects just over a half of European adults. The greatest burden of refractive error is due to myopia, with high prevalence rates in young adults. Using the 2010 European population estimates, we estimate there are 227.2 million people with myopia across Europe.
| S-EPMC4385146 | biostudies-literature
Project description:NEI Refractive Error Collaboration (KORA)
| PRJNA75817 | ENA
Project description:PurposeTo report calculated crystalline lens power and describe the distribution of ocular biometry and its association with refractive error in older Chinese adults.MethodsRandom clustering sampling was used to identify adults aged 50 years and above in Xuhui and Baoshan districts of Shanghai. Refraction was determined by subjective refraction that achieved the best corrected vision based on monocular measurement. Ocular biometry was measured by IOL Master. The crystalline lens power of right eyes was calculated using modified Bennett-Rabbetts formula.ResultsWe analyzed 6099 normal phakic right eyes. The mean crystalline lens power was 20.34 ± 2.24D (range: 13.40-36.08). Lens power, spherical equivalent, and anterior chamber depth changed linearly with age; however, axial length, corneal power and AL/CR ratio did not vary with age. The overall prevalence of hyperopia, myopia, and high myopia was 48.48% (95% CI: 47.23%-49.74%), 22.82% (95% CI: 21.77%-23.88%), and 4.57% (95% CI: 4.05-5.10), respectively. The prevalence of hyperopia increased linearly with age while lens power decreased with age. In multivariate models, refractive error was strongly correlated with axial length, lens power, corneal power, and anterior chamber depth; refractive error was slightly correlated with best corrected visual acuity, age and sex.ConclusionLens power, hyperopia, and spherical equivalent changed linearly with age; Moreover, the continuous loss of lens power produced hyperopic shifts in refraction in subjects aged more than 50 years.
| S-EPMC5256932 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Importance:Uncorrected refractive error (RE) is a leading cause of visual impairment, and variations in ocular anatomy determine RE. The unique ocular determinants of RE in Chinese American individuals have not been studied previously. Objective:To report ocular determinants of RE in a Chinese American population 50 years and older in Monterey Park, California. Design, Setting, and Participants:The Chinese American Eye Study, a population-based, cross-sectional study, was conducted from February 1, 2010, through October 31, 2013, in Monterey Park, with this particular data analysis performed from January 1 through December 31, 2016. This study included data from 4582 participants who underwent an eye examination to obtain axial length (AL), central corneal thickness, vitreous chamber depth (VCD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), corneal power (CP), noncycloplegic subjective refraction, and lens nuclear opalescence (NOP) grading. Data from the right phakic eye of each participant were used. Multiple regression models (standardized regression coefficients [SRCs] and semipartial correlation coefficients squared [SPCCs2]) identified key determinants of RE. Main Outcomes and Measures:Ocular determinants of RE. Results:Among the 4071 participants eligible for analysis (1496 men [36.7%] and 2575 women [63.3%]; mean [SD] age, 60.5 [8.1] years), mean (SD) RE was -0.52 (2.95) diopters (D), with no sex-related difference. A hyperopic shift occurred in women from -0.62 (2.95) D at 50 to 59 years to 0.60 (1.62) D at 80 years or older and in men from -0.69 (3.00) D at 50 to 59 years to 0.40 (2.29) D at 80 years or older (P < .001 for both). Compared with men, women had shorter AL (mean [SD], 23.62 [1.34] vs 24.14 [1.27] mm; P = .006), shorter ACD (mean [SD], 3.33 [0.34] vs 3.44 [0.34] mm; P < .001), and steeper CP (mean [SD], 43.50 [1.52] vs 42.88 [1.45] D; P = .02), after adjusting for age and height. No sex differences were found in VCD, LT, and NOP after height adjustment. Compared with younger individuals, older individuals had shallower ACD, thicker LT, and more NOP compared with younger individuals (P < .001 for both), even after adjustment for height. Axial length was the strongest determinant of RE (SRC = -0.92; SPCC2 = 0.55), followed by CP (SRC = -0.43; SPCC2 = 0.15). When individual components of AL were evaluated, VCD had the greatest contributing effect (SRC = -0.99; SPCC2 = 0.52), followed by CP (SRC = -0.47; SPCC2 = 0.15) and LT (SRC = -0.29; SPCC2 = 0.06). Conclusions and Relevance:These data suggest that Chinese American individuals have longer AL and greater contribution of AL to RE than do Latino and other Chinese populations. Future studies should explore risk factors for increased AL in Chinese Americans and potential interventions that may ultimately prevent myopia-related disease.
| S-EPMC5710201 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Myopia is part of the spectrum of refractive error. Myopia is associated with psychometric intelligence and, the link between brain anatomy and myopia has been hypothesized. Here we aimed to identify the associations between brain structures and refractive error in developed young adults. In a study cohort of 1,319 normal educated young adults, the refractive error showed a significant negative correlation with total intracranial volume and total cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume but not with total gray matter volume (GMV) or total white matter volume (WMV). Time spent studying was associated with refractive error but could not explain the aforementioned associations with brain volume parameters. The R2 values of the simple regression between spherical equivalent and outcome variables for each sex in non-whole brain imaging analyses were less than 0.05 in all cases and thus were weak. Psychometric intelligence was not associated with refractive error or total CSF volume, but it weakly positively correlated with total GMV and total WMV in this study population. Thus, refractive error appears to be primarily (weakly) associated with the volume of the cranium, whereas psychometric intelligence was associated with the volume of the brain.
| S-EPMC5760524 | biostudies-literature