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A mixed methods analysis of maternal response to children's consumption of a palatable food: differences by child weight status.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Little is known about how mothers respond to their child eating palatable foods. OBJECTIVES:The objectives of the study are to examine maternal behaviours when children are presented with a large portion of energy-dense palatable food in an experimental setting and to examine differences by child weight status. METHODS:Mother-child dyads (N = 37) (mean child age 70.8 months) participated in a videotaped eating protocol with cupcakes. Anthropometrics were measured. Videos were analysed using discourse analysis and were reliably coded for the presence or absence of the most salient theme. Analysis of variance examined theme presence by child and mother weight status. RESULTS:Mothers disavowed responsibility for their child's eating. Mothers were observed to roll their eyes at the child, throw their hands up in exasperation and distance themselves both physically and emotionally when the child ate the cupcakes voraciously or with high enjoyment. Mothers of children with obesity (vs recommended weight) engaged in more counts of disavowal (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Mothers of children with obesity distanced themselves from their child, seeming to disavow responsibility for the child's eating of 'junk food'. Mothers may respond to their child's seemingly gluttonous eating by disavowing responsibility due to the stigma of being a parent of a child with obesity.

SUBMITTER: Pesch MH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6495602 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A mixed methods analysis of maternal response to children's consumption of a palatable food: differences by child weight status.

Pesch M H MH Viechnicki G B GB Appugliese D P DP Kaciroti N N Rosenblum K L KL Miller A L AL Lumeng J C JC

Pediatric obesity 20181022 3

<h4>Background</h4>Little is known about how mothers respond to their child eating palatable foods.<h4>Objectives</h4>The objectives of the study are to examine maternal behaviours when children are presented with a large portion of energy-dense palatable food in an experimental setting and to examine differences by child weight status.<h4>Methods</h4>Mother-child dyads (N = 37) (mean child age 70.8 months) participated in a videotaped eating protocol with cupcakes. Anthropometrics were measured ...[more]

PMID: 30350348

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Early intervention and conversation about a child's weight may offer an important chance of success in reducing weight and implementing a healthier lifestyle. This review explores the most effective ways to notify parents and children about the child's weight as well as their preferences and experiences around weight notification. METHODS:We systematically searched nine databases for relevant primary research. Records were independently screened by two authors. We extracted data into a form designed for this review. Effect data was analysed using narrative synthesis and qualitative data using a best-fit framework synthesis. We assessed our confidence in the evidence using GRADE and GRADE-CERQual. RESULTS:Studies of effect found that the format of feedback made little or no difference in parents attending further treatment, recognising their child as overweight or obese, reactions to the way the weight notification is given, motivation for lifestyle change, understanding how to reduce the risk of overweight, or taking any action. However, parents receiving feedback with motivational interviewing have somewhat greater satisfaction with the way the healthcare provider supports them. Qualitative studies found that parents had clear preferences for the format, timing, content and amount of information they wanted to receive in relation to both the weighing process and weight notification. They also had clear preferences for how they wanted health care providers to interact and communicate with them and their children. Both parents and children often felt that they were not receiving enough information and worried about how their results would be kept private. Many parents experienced an emotional response when told about their child's weight ranging from positive, disbelief and negative feelings. Those who reacted with disbelief or negatively were less likely to accept their child's weight status and/or act upon the notification letter. No studies reported results for children who were underweight. CONCLUSIONS:Based on these qualitative results people working with weight assessment and notification programs should consider parents' preferences when developing feedback formats, considering the mode of feedback they are going to use and provide parents and children with tailored feedback and personalized follow up once a child is identified as overweight or obese.

Project description:Obesity is prevalent among women of reproductive age, and developmental disabilities in children continue to increase. We examined associations between mother's prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and physical and developmental disabilities, and objective measures of reading and math skills and fine and gross motor function in children.We used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; n=5200), a cohort of children born in 2001 and followed until kindergarten. Children were classified according to maternal prepregnancy BMI (in kg per?m(2)): underweight (BMI <18.5), normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9), obese class I (BMI 30.0-34.9) and obese class II/III (BMI ? 35.0). Parent reports of doctor-diagnosed disabilities were collected up to kindergarten and classified as learning and behavioral or physical. Children's reading and math and fine and gross motor function were assessed at kindergarten according to standardized tests. Linear and modified logistic regression models were adjusted for maternal sociodemographic variables, family enrichment variables, and children's sex, age and year of kindergarten entry. Additional adjustment for current child BMI was performed in separate models. All data are weighted to be nationally representative of the children born in 2001.Compared with children of normal-weight mothers, children born to obese class II/III mothers had an increased risk of learning or behavioral (risk ratio 1.67; 95% confidence interval 1.27, 2.21)), but not physical disabilities (risk ratio 0.57; 95% confidence interval 0.27, 1.22). Gross (P<0.001), but not fine (P=0.06) motor function was significantly associated with maternal BMI, but gross motor function was attenuated after adjustment for current child BMI (P=0.05). Children's reading scores (P=0.01) but not math scores (P=0.11) were significantly associated with maternal BMI.In this nationally representative US cohort, children born to severely obese mothers had an increased risk for diagnosed learning and behavioral but not physical disabilities by kindergarten.

Project description:Background: Both an elevated brain-reward-region response to palatable food and elevated weight variability have been shown to predict future weight gain.Objective: We examined whether the brain-reward response to food is related to future weight variability.Design: A total of 162 healthy-weight adolescents, who were aged 14-18 y at baseline, were enrolled in the study and were assessed annually over a 3-y follow-up period with 127 participants completing the final 3-y follow-up assessment. With the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested whether the neural responses to a cue that signaled an impending milkshake receipt and the receipt of the milkshake predicted weight variability over the follow-up period. Weight variability was modeled with a root mean squared error method to reflect fluctuations in weight independent of the net weight change.Results: Elevated activation in the medial prefrontal cortex and supplementary motor area, cingulate gyrus, cuneus and occipital gyrus, and insula in response to milkshake receipt predicted greater weight variability. Greater activation in the precuneus and middle temporal gyrus predicted lower weight variability.Conclusions: From our study data, we suggest that the elevated activation of reward and emotional-regulation brain regions (medial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and insula) and lower activation in self-reference regions (precuneus) in response to milkshake receipt predict weight variability over 3 y of follow-up. The fact that the reward response in the current study emerged in response to high-calorie palatable food receipt suggests that weight variability may be a measure of propensity periods of a positive energy balance and should be examined in addition to measures of the net weight change. With our collective results, we suggest that weight variability and its brain correlates should be added to other variables that are predictive of weight gain to inform the design of obesity-preventive programs in adolescents. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01807572.

Dataset Information

A mixed methods analysis of maternal response to children's consumption of a palatable food: differences by child weight status.

Publications

A mixed methods analysis of maternal response to children's consumption of a palatable food: differences by child weight status.

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