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Amygdalar reactivity is associated with prefrontal cortical thickness in a large population-based sample of adolescents.

ABSTRACT: In structural neuroimaging studies, reduced cerebral cortical thickness in orbital and ventromedial prefrontal regions is frequently interpreted as reflecting an impaired ability to downregulate neuronal activity in the amygdalae. Unfortunately, little research has been conducted in order to test this conjecture. We examine the extent to which amygdalar reactivity is associated with cortical thickness in a population-based sample of adolescents. Data were obtained from the IMAGEN study, which includes 2,223 adolescents. While undergoing functional neuroimaging, participants passively viewed video clips of a face that started from a neutral expression and progressively turned angry, or, instead, turned to a second neutral expression. Left and right amygdala ROIs were used to extract mean BOLD signal change for the angry minus neutral face contrast for all subjects. T1-weighted images were processed through the CIVET pipeline (version 2.1.0). In variable-centered analyses, local cortical thickness was regressed against amygdalar reactivity using first and second-order linear models. In a follow-up person-centered analysis, we defined a "high reactive" group of participants based on mean amygdalar BOLD signal change for the angry minus neutral face contrast. Between-group differences in cortical thickness were examined ("high reactive" versus all other participants). A significant association was revealed between the continuous measure of amygdalar reactivity and bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortical thickness in a second-order linear model (p < 0.05, corrected). The "high reactive" group, in comparison to all other participants, possessed reduced cortical thickness in bilateral orbital and ventromedial prefrontal cortices, bilateral anterior temporal cortices, left caudal middle temporal gyrus, and the left inferior and middle frontal gyri (p < 0.05, corrected). Results are consistent with non-human primate studies, and provide empirical support for an association between reduced prefrontal cortical thickness and amygdalar reactivity. Future research will likely benefit from investigating the degree to which psychopathology qualifies relations between prefrontal cortical structure and amygdalar reactivity.

SUBMITTER: Albaugh MD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6497259 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Amygdalar reactivity is associated with prefrontal cortical thickness in a large population-based sample of adolescents.

Albaugh Matthew D MD Hudziak James J JJ Orr Catherine C Spechler Philip A PA Chaarani Bader B Mackey Scott S Lepage Claude C Fonov Vladimir V Rioux Pierre P Evans Alan C AC Banaschewski Tobias T Bokde Arun L W ALW Bromberg Uli U Büchel Christian C Quinlan Erin Burke EB Desrivières Sylvane S Flor Herta H Grigis Antoine A Gowland Penny P Heinz Andreas A Ittermann Bernd B Martinot Jean-Luc JL Martinot Marie-Laure Paillère MP Nees Frauke F Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos DP Paus Tomáš T Poustka Luise L Millenet Sabina S Fröhner Juliane H JH Smolka Michael N MN Walter Henrik H Whelan Robert R Schumann Gunter G Potter Alexandra S AS Garavan Hugh H

PloS one 20190502 5

In structural neuroimaging studies, reduced cerebral cortical thickness in orbital and ventromedial prefrontal regions is frequently interpreted as reflecting an impaired ability to downregulate neuronal activity in the amygdalae. Unfortunately, little research has been conducted in order to test this conjecture. We examine the extent to which amygdalar reactivity is associated with cortical thickness in a population-based sample of adolescents. Data were obtained from the IMAGEN study, which in ...[more]

PMID: 31048888

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Project description:BackgroundAlcohol consumption is linked to decreased platelet function. Whether this link is dependent on sex or type of beverage remains unclear.MethodsCross-sectional data were obtained from the Framingham Heart Study (N = 3427). Alcohol consumption was assessed by using standardized medical history and Harvard semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Five bioassays measured 120 platelet reactivity traits across agonists in whole-blood and platelet-rich plasma samples. Linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age, sex and aspirin use, hypertension, body mass index, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, smoking and diabetes evaluated associations between platelet reactivity and alcohol consumption. Beta effects, the regression coefficients that estimate the amount of change in each unit of the predictor variable whereas all other predictor variables remain fixed, for heavy alcohol consumption were compared with effects of aspirin use.ResultsAlcohol consumption was associated with decreased platelet reactivity, with more associations among wine and liquor compared with beer. Many platelet-alcohol associations in the full sample (86%, P < 0.01) had larger effect sizes in females. Lower light transmission aggregometry adenosine diphosphate (1.82 µM) maximum aggregation (P = 2.6E-3, 95% CI = -0.07, -0.02, β = -0.042) and area under the curve (P = 7.7E-3, 95% CI = -0.07, -0.01, β = -0.039) were associated with white wine consumption; however, red wine had no associations with platelet reactivity. The effect of aspirin use was on average 11.3 (±4.0) times greater than that of heavy drinking in our full sample.ConclusionsWe confirm associations between alcohol consumption and decreased platelet reactivity. Effects appeared larger for liquor and wine intake and in our female cohort. Red wine consumption is not associated with lower platelet function, contrasting with prior population studies. Although we report an inhibitory relationship between alcohol intake and platelet function, these effects appear much smaller than that of aspirin use.

Dataset Information

Amygdalar reactivity is associated with prefrontal cortical thickness in a large population-based sample of adolescents.

Publications

Amygdalar reactivity is associated with prefrontal cortical thickness in a large population-based sample of adolescents.

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