Dataset Information

Serum and Urine Albumin and Response to Loop Diuretics in Heart Failure.

ABSTRACT:

Background and objectives

Diuretic resistance can limit successful decongestion of patients with heart failure. Because loop diuretics tightly bind albumin, low serum albumin and high urine albumin can theoretically limit diuretic delivery to the site of action. However, it is unknown if this represents a clinically relevant mechanism of diuretic resistance in human heart failure.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In total, 208 outpatients with heart failure at the Yale Transitional Care Center undergoing diuretic treatment were studied. Blood and urine chemistries were collected at baseline and 1.5 hours postdiuretic administration. Urine diuretic levels were normalized to urine creatinine and adjusted for diuretic dose administered, and diuretic efficiency was calculated as sodium output per doubling of the loop diuretic dose. Findings were validated in an inpatient heart failure cohort (n=60).

Results

Serum albumin levels in the outpatient cohort ranged from 2.4 to 4.9 g/dl, with a median of 3.7 g/dl (interquartile range, 3.5-4.1). Serum albumin had no association with urinary diuretic delivery (r=-0.05; P=0.52), but higher levels weakly correlated with better diuretic efficiency (r=0.17; P=0.02). However, serum albumin inversely correlated with systemic inflammation as assessed by plasma IL-6 (r=-0.35; P<0.001), and controlling for IL-6 eliminated the diuretic efficiency-serum albumin association (r=0.12; P=0.12). In the inpatient cohort, there was no association between serum albumin and urinary diuretic excretion (r=0.15; P=0.32) or diuretic efficiency (r=-0.16; P=0.25). In the outpatient cohort, 39% of patients had microalbuminuria, and 18% had macroalbuminuria. There was no correlation between albuminuria and diuretic efficiency after adjusting for kidney function (r=-0.02; P=0.89). Results were similar in the inpatient cohort.

Conclusions

Serum albumin levels were not associated with urinary diuretic excretion, and urinary albumin levels were not associated with diuretic efficiency.

SUBMITTER: Charokopos A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6500945 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:Background and aimsTo examine the decongestive effect of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin compared to the thiazide-like diuretic metolazone in patients hospitalized for heart failure and resistant to treatment with intravenous furosemide.Methods and resultsA multi-centre, open-label, randomized, and active-comparator trial. Patients were randomized to dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily or metolazone 5-10 mg once daily for a 3-day treatment period, with follow-up for primary and secondary endpoints until day 5 (96 h). The primary endpoint was a diuretic effect, assessed by change in weight (kg). Secondary endpoints included a change in pulmonary congestion (lung ultrasound), loop diuretic efficiency (weight change per 40 mg of furosemide), and a volume assessment score. 61 patients were randomized. The mean (±standard deviation) cumulative dose of furosemide at 96 h was 977 (±492) mg in the dapagliflozin group and 704 (±428) mg in patients assigned to metolazone. The mean (±standard deviation) decrease in weight at 96 h was 3.0 (2.5) kg with dapagliflozin compared to 3.6 (2.0) kg with metolazone [mean difference 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.12,1.41 kg; P = 0.11]. Loop diuretic efficiency was less with dapagliflozin than with metolazone [mean 0.15 (0.12) vs. 0.25 (0.19); difference -0.08, 95% CI -0.17,0.01 kg; P = 0.10]. Changes in pulmonary congestion and volume assessment score were similar between treatments. Decreases in plasma sodium and potassium and increases in urea and creatinine were smaller with dapagliflozin than with metolazone. Serious adverse events were similar between treatments.ConclusionIn patients with heart failure and loop diuretic resistance, dapagliflozin was not more effective at relieving congestion than metolazone. Patients assigned to dapagliflozin received a larger cumulative dose of furosemide but experienced less biochemical upset than those assigned to metolazone.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04860011.

Project description:Background In acute decompensated heart failure, guidelines recommend increasing loop diuretic dose or adding a thiazide diuretic when diuresis is inadequate. We set out to determine the adverse events associated with a diuretic strategy relying on metolazone or high-dose loop diuretics. Methods and Results Patients admitted to 3 hospitals using a common electronic medical record with a heart failure discharge diagnosis who received intravenous loop diuretics were studied in a propensity-adjusted analysis of all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included hyponatremia (sodium <135 mE q/L), hypokalemia (potassium <3.5 mE q/L) and worsening renal function (a ≥20% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate). Of 13 898 admissions, 1048 (7.5%) used adjuvant metolazone. Metolazone was strongly associated with hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and worsening renal function ( P<0.0001 for all) with minimal effect attenuation following covariate and propensity adjustment. Metolazone remained associated with increased mortality after multivariate and propensity adjustment (hazard ratio=1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.39, P=0.01). High-dose loop diuretics were associated with hypokalemia and hyponatremia ( P<0.002) but only worsening renal function retained significance ( P<0.001) after propensity adjustment. High-dose loop diuretics were not associated with reduced survival after multivariate and propensity adjustment (hazard ratio=0.97 per 100 mg of IV furosemide, 95% confidence interval 0.90-1.06, P=0.52). Conclusions During acute decompensated heart failure, metolazone was independently associated with hypokalemia, hyponatremia, worsening renal function and increased mortality after controlling for the propensity to receive metolazone and baseline characteristics. However, under the same experimental conditions, high-dose loop diuretics were not associated with hypokalemia, hyponatremia, or reduced survival. The current findings suggest that until randomized control trial data prove otherwise, uptitration of loop diuretics may be a preferred strategy over routine early addition of thiazide type diuretics when diuresis is inadequate.