Higher Dairy Intakes Are Associated with Higher Bone Mineral Density among Adults with Sufficient Vitamin D Status: Results from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study.

ABSTRACT: Background:Dairy foods have been shown to improve bone mineral density (BMD) in non-Hispanic whites. Puerto Rican adults have a higher prevalence of osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency than non-Hispanic whites. However, there is little understanding of lifestyle influences on bone in this population. Objective:The aim of this study was to examine associations of dairy intakes with BMD among adults from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study with and without adequate serum vitamin D status. Methods:A total of 904 participants in this cross-sectional analysis provided dietary intakes with a culturally tailored food-frequency questionnaire. Dairy food groups were calculated [total dairy, modified dairy (without cream or dairy desserts), fluid dairy (milk + yogurt), cheese, yogurt, and cream and desserts]. BMD (grams per centimeter squared) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vitamin D status was defined as sufficient (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] ?20 ng/mL) or insufficient (<20 ng/mL). General linear models were used to examine associations between dairy intake and BMD, stratified by vitamin D status. Results:Of the total sample, 73% were women, of whom 87% were postmenopausal. Mean ± SD age was 60.0 ± 7.6 y and mean ± SD body mass index (kg/m2) was 32.3 ± 6.6. Mean serum 25(OH)D (range: 4-48 ng/mL) was 14.3 ± 3.6 ng/mL in insufficient individuals and 26.0 ± 5.5 ng/mL in sufficient individuals. In the full sample, higher intakes of modified dairy foods (? = 0.0015, P = 0.02) and milk (? = 0.0018, P = 0.04) were associated with higher femoral neck (FN) BMD. Among those who were vitamin D sufficient, higher intakes of total dairy (P = 0.03-0.07), fluid dairy (P = 0.01-0.05), and milk (P = 0.02-0.09) were significantly related to higher FN and lumbar spine BMD, respectively. Among vitamin D-insufficient participants, dairy intakes were not associated with BMD (P-range = 0.11-0.94). Conclusions:Dairy food intakes were associated with higher BMD among adults, particularly those with sufficient vitamin D status. Future studies should confirm findings longitudinally and assess culturally acceptable lifestyle interventions to improve bone health among Hispanic adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01231958.

SUBMITTER: Mangano KM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6501051 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature