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Inheritance of susceptibility to bacterial spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) in peach offspring populations derived from Brazilian and Japanese cultivars/selections.

ABSTRACT: Bacterial spot (caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) is a serious disease and difficult to control in peach cultivation, and inheritance manner of susceptibility is unclear. Five hundred and fourteen offspring and their parents from 27 peach full-sib families were evaluated for susceptibility to bacterial spot by evaluating lesion length value (LLV) after artificial inoculation to shoots from trees growing in the field. Brazilian cultivars including 'Chimarrita' and selections derived from them had notably lower LLVs ranging from 0.302 to 0.490 than those from Japanese cultivars/selections ranging from 0.514 to 1.295. Family means in offspring crossed between Brazilian cultivars/selections (low LLVs) and other cultivars/selections (high LLVs) showed rather low LLVs, whose values were close to Brazilian cultivar/selection parents. These results suggested that the susceptibility was controlled by single major gene and that the Brazilian and Japanese cultivar/selection parents showed dominant and recessive homozygotes, respectively. In contrast, the LLVs of family means were very high ranging from 0.719 to 1.194 in offspring population derived from crosses among Japanese cultivars. Repeated backcrosses of Brazilian cultivars/selections with Japanese cultivars/selections having high fruit quality are proposed as an effective method for developing new cultivars combining bacterial spot resistance and fruit quality in Japan.

SUBMITTER: Suesada Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6507722 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Inheritance of susceptibility to bacterial spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) in peach offspring populations derived from Brazilian and Japanese cultivars/selections.

Suesada Yuko Y Yamada Masahiko M Sawamura Yutaka Y Adachi Eisuke E Yaegaki Hideaki H Yamaguchi Masami M Yamamoto Toshiya T

Breeding science 20190219 1

Bacterial spot (caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) is a serious disease and difficult to control in peach cultivation, and inheritance manner of susceptibility is unclear. Five hundred and fourteen offspring and their parents from 27 peach full-sib families were evaluated for susceptibility to bacterial spot by evaluating lesion length value (LLV) after artificial inoculation to shoots from trees growing in the field. Brazilian cultivars including 'Chimarrita' and selectio ...[more]

PMID: 31086479

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Project description:BackgroundXanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) causes bacterial spot of stone fruits and almond, an important disease that may reduce the yield and vigour of the trees, as well as the marketability of affected fruits. Xap lies within the Xanthomonas genus, which has been intensively studied because of its strain specialization and host range complexity. Here, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the complexities of Xap, including studies of the molecular features that result after comparative phenotypic and genomic analyses, in order to obtain a clearer overview of the bacterial behaviour and infection mechanism in the context of the X. arboricola species.Taxonomic statusBacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Order Xanthomonadales; Family Xanthomonadaceae; Genus Xanthomonas; Species X. arboricola; Pathovar pruni.Host range and symptomsXap infects most Prunus species, including apricot, peach, nectarine, plum and almond, and occasionally cherry. Symptoms are found on leaves, fruits, twigs and branches or trunks. In severe infections, defoliation and fruit dropping may occur.DistributionBacterial spot of stone fruits and almond is worldwide in distribution, with Xap being isolated in Africa, North and South America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. It is a common disease in geographical areas in which stone fruits and almonds are grown. Xap is listed as a quarantine organism in several areas of the world.GenomeThe genomes of six isolates from Xap have been publicly released. The genome consists of a single chromosome of around 5 000 000 bp with 65 mol% GC content and an extrachromosomal plasmid element of around 41 000 bp with 62 mol% GC content. Genomic comparative studies in X. arboricola have allowed the identification of putative virulence components associated with the infection process of bacterial spot of stone fruits and almond.Disease controlManagement of bacterial spot of stone fruits and almond is based on an integrated approach that comprises essential measures to avoid Xap introduction in a production zone, as well as the use of tolerant or resistant plant material and chemical treatments, mainly based on copper compounds. Management programmes also include the use of appropriate cultivation practices when the disease is already established. Finally, for the effective control of the disease, appropriate detection and characterization methods are needed for use in symptomatic or asymptomatic samples as a first approach for pathogen exclusion. USEFUL WEBSITES: https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/XANTPR; http://www.cost.eu/COST_Actions/ca/CA16107; http://www.xanthomonas.org.

Project description:Comparative studies in Xanthomonas have provided a vast amount of data that enabled to deepen in the knowledge of those factors associated with virulence and Xanthomonas plant interaction. The species of this genus present a wide range of host plants and a large number of studies have been focused to elucidate which mechanism are involved in this characteristic. In this study, comparative genomic and phenotypic analysis were performed between X. citri subsp. citri (Xcc), one of the most studied pathogens within Xanthomonas, and X. arboricola pv. pruni (Xap), a pathogen which has aroused great interest in recent time. The work was aimed to find those elements that contribute to their host divergence despite the convergence in the symptoms that each species cause on Citrus spp. and Prunus spp., respectively. This study reveals a set of genes that could be putatively associated with the adaptation of these pathogens to their hosts, being the most remarkable those involved in environmental sensing systems such as the case of the TonB-dependent transporters, the sensors of the two-component system and the methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins. Other important variants were found in processes related to the decomposition of the cell wall as could be appreciated by their dissimilar set of cell-wall degrading enzymes. Type three effectors, as one of the most important factors in delineating the host specificity in Xanthomonas, also showed a different array when comparing both species, being some of them unique to each pathogen. On the other hand, only small variations could be connected to other features such as the motility appendages and surface adhesion proteins, but these differences were accompanied by a dissimilar capacity to attach on host and non-host leaf surface. The molecular factors found in this work provide the basis to perform a more in-depth functional analyses that unveil those actual factors associated with pathogenesis and host specificity in Xcc and Xap.

Dataset Information

Inheritance of susceptibility to bacterial spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) in peach offspring populations derived from Brazilian and Japanese cultivars/selections.

Publications

Inheritance of susceptibility to bacterial spot (<i>Xanthomonas arboricola</i> pv. <i>pruni</i>) in peach offspring populations derived from Brazilian and Japanese cultivars/selections.

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