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Changing frequency of fluctuating light reveals the molecular mechanism for P700 oxidation in plant leaves.

ABSTRACT: Natural sunlight exceeds the demand of photosynthesis such that it can cause plants to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently cause photo-oxidative damage. Because photosystem I (PSI) is a major source of ROS, plants actively maintain the reaction center chlorophyll of PSI(P700) oxidized under excessive light conditions to alleviate the ROS production. P700 oxidation is universally recognized in photosynthetic organisms as a physiological response to excessive light. However, it is still poorly understood how P700 oxidation is induced in response to fluctuating light with a variety of frequencies. Here, we investigated the relationships of photosynthetic parameters with P700 oxidation in Arabidopsis thaliana under a sine fluctuating light with different frequencies. As the photon flux density of the light increased, P700 was oxidized concurrently with the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter qL unless the electron acceptor side of PSI was limited. Conversely, we did not observe a proportional relationship of non-photochemical quenching with P700 oxidation. The mutant crr-2, which lacks chloroplast NADPH dehydrogenase, was impaired in P700 oxidation during light fluctuation at high, but not low frequency, unlike the pgrl1 mutant deficient in PGR5 and PGRL1 proteins, which could not oxidize P700 during light fluctuation at both high and low frequencies. Taken together, our findings suggested that the changing frequency of fluctuating light reveals the tracking performance of molecular mechanisms underlying P700 oxidation.

SUBMITTER: Shimakawa G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6508772 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Changing frequency of fluctuating light reveals the molecular mechanism for P700 oxidation in plant leaves.

Shimakawa Ginga G Miyake Chikahiro C

Plant direct 20180723 7

Natural sunlight exceeds the demand of photosynthesis such that it can cause plants to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently cause photo-oxidative damage. Because photosystem I (PSI) is a major source of ROS, plants actively maintain the reaction center chlorophyll of PSI(P700) oxidized under excessive light conditions to alleviate the ROS production. P700 oxidation is universally recognized in photosynthetic organisms as a physiological response to excessive light. However, ...[more]

PMID: 31245737

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Project description:Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a shade plant, and its leaves are an important medicinal part of P. ginseng. Light intensity plays a crucial role in physiological activities and metabolite accumulation in P. ginseng. Currently, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying physiological changes and quality under different light intensities in P. ginseng leaves. Therefore, we investigated the changes in photosynthetic physiology, secondary metabolism, transcriptomics, and metabolomics of P. ginseng leaves under different light intensities [T20 (20 µmol m-2·s-1), T50 (50 µmol m-2·s-1), T100 (100 μmol m-2·s-1)]]. Higher light intensity positively influenced the yield, photosynthesis, and accumulation of polysaccharides, soluble sugars, terpenoids, and ginsenosides in P. ginseng leaves. The T100 treatment notably promoted the accumulation of ginsenosides in the leaves, resulting in a 68.32% and 45.55% increase in total ginsenosides compared to the T20 and T50 treatments, respectively. Ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rg2, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd were 1.28-, 1.47-, 2.32-, 1.64-, 1.28-, 2.59-, 1.66-, and 2.28-times higher than in the T20 treatment. Furthermore, 285 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and 4218 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the metabolome and transcriptome of P. ginseng leaves, respectively, were identified. 13 triterpenoid saponins were significantly upregulated, and three were downregulated. The expression of genes encoding photosystem II reaction center proteins was upregulated under the T100 treatment, thereby increasing photosynthetic activity. The T100 treatment enhanced the expression of genes involved in photosynthetic carbon and energy metabolism in P. ginseng. The expression of antenna protein synthesis genes was upregulated under the T20, which increased the ability to capture light in P. ginseng leaves. T100 upregulated the expression of HMGR, SS, CYP716A53v2, UGT74AE, PgUGT1, and UGTPg45, thereby promoting terpene and ginsenoside synthesis. In summary, 100 µmol m-2·s-1 was conducive to quality formation of P. ginseng leaves. This study elucidates molecular mechanisms underlying the photosynthetic physiology and ginsenoside synthesis in P. ginseng under varying light intensities and provides a theoretical basis for the P. ginseng cultivation and its industrial production of secondary metabolites.

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Changing frequency of fluctuating light reveals the molecular mechanism for P700 oxidation in plant leaves.

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Changing frequency of fluctuating light reveals the molecular mechanism for P700 oxidation in plant leaves.

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