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Two New Pristionchus Species (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from Taiwan are Part of a Species-cluster Representing the Closest Known Relatives of the Model Organism P. pacificus.

ABSTRACT: Matthias Herrmann, Christian Weiler, Christian Rödelsperger, Natsumi Kanzaki, and Ralf J. Sommer (2016) Pristionchus pacificus is an important model organism in evolutionary biology and has been used to establish integrative studies that link developmental biology with ecology and population genetics. This species is part of the P. pacificus species-complex of the genus, many members of which occur in East Asia. While P. pacificus is hermaphroditic, the two most closely related known species are P. exspectatus and P. arcanus from Japan, both of which are gonochorists. P. exspectatus is so far the closest known relative of P. pacificus and thus, considered to represent the sister species. Here, we describe two new species of Pristionchus, P. taiwanensis and P. occultus from Taiwan using morphology, morphometrics, mating experiments and genome- wide sequence analysis. Both species are gonochorists and they are morphologically indistinguishable from P. exspectatus, P. arcanus and P. pacificus. However, reproductive isolation, namely the inability to produce interfertile hybrids, separates all species pairs in the species-complex. Phylogeny inferred from more than 700,000 genome-wide variable sites that were genotyped in all species suggest that P. taiwanensis and P. occultus are the sister species of P. arcanus and P. exspectatus, respectively. P. taiwanensis and P. occultus together with P. exspectatus and P. arcanus form a species-cluster with P. pacificus. The identification of these two novel gonochoristic species is invaluable for studies of population genetics, speciation, and macroevolution in the genus. We discuss the biogeography of Pristionchus in East Asia and the origin of hermaphroditism in the P. pacificus species-complex.

SUBMITTER: Herrmann M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6511970 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Two New Pristionchus Species (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from Taiwan are Part of a Species-cluster Representing the Closest Known Relatives of the Model Organism P. pacificus.

Herrmann Matthias M Weiler Christian C Rödelsperger Christian C Kanzaki Natsumi N Sommer Ralf J RJ

Zoological studies 20161115

Matthias Herrmann, Christian Weiler, Christian Rödelsperger, Natsumi Kanzaki, and Ralf J. Sommer (2016) Pristionchus pacificus is an important model organism in evolutionary biology and has been used to establish integrative studies that link developmental biology with ecology and population genetics. This species is part of the P. pacificus species-complex of the genus, many members of which occur in East Asia. While P. pacificus is hermaphroditic, the two most close ...[more]

PMID: 31966193

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Project description:The genus Pristionchus (Kreis, 1932) consists of more than 30 soil nematode species that are often found in association with scarab beetles. Three major radiations have resulted in the "maupasi species group" in America, the "pacificus species group" in Asia, and the "lheritieri species group," which contains species from Europe and Asia. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that a group of three species, including the gonochorists P. elegans and P. bucculentus and the hermaphrodite P. fissidentatus, is basal to the above-mentioned radiations. Two novel species are described here: Pristionchus paulseni sp. n. from Taiwan and P. yamagatae sp. n. from Japan by means of morphology, morphometrics and genome-wide transcriptome sequence analysis. Previous phylotranscriptomic analysis of the complete Pristionchus genus recognized P. paulseni sp. n. as the sister species of P. fissidentatus, and thus its importance for macro-evolutionary studies. Specifically, the gonochorist P. paulseni sp. n. and the hermaphrodite P. fissidentatus form a species pair that is the sister group to all other described Pristionchus species. P. paulseni sp. n. has two distinct mouth forms, supporting the notion that the mouth dimorphism is ancestral in the genus Pristionchus.The genus Pristionchus (Kreis, 1932) consists of more than 30 soil nematode species that are often found in association with scarab beetles. Three major radiations have resulted in the “maupasi species group” in America, the “pacificus species group” in Asia, and the “lheritieri species group,” which contains species from Europe and Asia. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that a group of three species, including the gonochorists P. elegans and P. bucculentus and the hermaphrodite P. fissidentatus, is basal to the above-mentioned radiations. Two novel species are described here: Pristionchus paulseni sp. n. from Taiwan and P. yamagatae sp. n. from Japan by means of morphology, morphometrics and genome-wide transcriptome sequence analysis. Previous phylotranscriptomic analysis of the complete Pristionchus genus recognized P. paulseni sp. n. as the sister species of P. fissidentatus, and thus its importance for macro-evolutionary studies. Specifically, the gonochorist P. paulseni sp. n. and the hermaphrodite P. fissidentatus form a species pair that is the sister group to all other described Pristionchus species. P. paulseni sp. n. has two distinct mouth forms, supporting the notion that the mouth dimorphism is ancestral in the genus Pristionchus.

Project description:The authors describe five new species of Pristionchus from Japan and Hongkong. Scarab beetle samplings in Hongkong identified P. hongkongensis sp. n. and P. neolucani sp. n., representing the first beetle-associated Pristionchus species from China. Surprisingly, samplings of millipedes in Japan revealed a previously unknown association of Pristionchus nematodes with these arthropods. Specifically, the authors found three previously known Pristionchus species, P. arcanus, P. entomophagus, and P. fukushimae on Japanese millipedes. In addition, the authors found three new Pristionchus species on millipedes, which are described as P. riukiariae sp. n., P. degawai sp. n., and P. laevicollis, sp. n., the latter of which was also found on stag beetles. These species are most closely related to P. maxplancki, P. japonicus, and P. quartusdecimus and belong to the pacificus species-complex. The authors describe all species based on morphology, morphometrics, and genome-wide sequence analysis. Mating experiments indicated that all species are reproductively isolated from each other and in contrast to the species of the "pacificus species-complex sensu stricto" they do not form F1 hybrids.The authors describe five new species of Pristionchus from Japan and Hongkong. Scarab beetle samplings in Hongkong identified P. hongkongensis sp. n. and P. neolucani sp. n., representing the first beetle-associated Pristionchus species from China. Surprisingly, samplings of millipedes in Japan revealed a previously unknown association of Pristionchus nematodes with these arthropods. Specifically, the authors found three previously known Pristionchus species, P. arcanus, P. entomophagus, and P. fukushimae on Japanese millipedes. In addition, the authors found three new Pristionchus species on millipedes, which are described as P. riukiariae sp. n., P. degawai sp. n., and P. laevicollis, sp. n., the latter of which was also found on stag beetles. These species are most closely related to P. maxplancki, P. japonicus, and P. quartusdecimus and belong to the pacificus species-complex. The authors describe all species based on morphology, morphometrics, and genome-wide sequence analysis. Mating experiments indicated that all species are reproductively isolated from each other and in contrast to the species of the “pacificus species-complex sensu stricto” they do not form F1 hybrids.

Dataset Information

Two New Pristionchus Species (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from Taiwan are Part of a Species-cluster Representing the Closest Known Relatives of the Model Organism P. pacificus.

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Two New <i>Pristionchus</i> Species (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from Taiwan are Part of a Species-cluster Representing the Closest Known Relatives of the Model Organism <i>P. pacificus</i>.

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