Home-based chemically-induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Eachempati P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6517292 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:AIM:The study aimed to compare teeth sensitivity and shade after bleaching protocol with descending different light intensities versus bleaching protocol with the same high light intensity. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Sample size was twenty-four patients. Each group consisted of twelve patients. Group, I patients received bleaching protocol of descending different light intensities. Group II patients received bleaching protocol with the same high light intensity; both groups used the same home bleaching gel kit for seven days according to manufacturer instructions and protocol. Baseline records were digital photographs, teeth sensitivity and teeth shade for 12 anterior teeth. Teeth sensitivity was assessed using five points verbal rating scale and Standardized 100 mm Visual analogue scale after 1 day, after 2 days and after 1 week. Teeth shades for twelve anterior teeth were recorded by VITA Easy Shade V (VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) after 1 week by VITA Easy Shade V. Mann-Whitney test (non-parametric test, 2 independent samples) was used to compare teeth sensitivity between both bleaching protocols at each period. A paired t-test (parametric test, 2 related samples) was performed to compare the colour change in shade guide units (SGU) and ?E values within high light intensity bleaching protocol. While Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test (non-parametric test, 2 related samples) was used to compare colour change light intensities bleaching protocol. Comparison of bleaching effectiveness (?SGU and ?Ediff) between both bleaching protocols was performed by the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS:Descending light intensities protocol showed a lower teeth sensitivity than high light intensity protocol after 1 and 2 days. There was no teeth sensitivity reported at 1-week post-bleaching. Regarding the teeth shade, descending light intensities protocol had a little higher effect on colour change in shade guide units (SGU) than high light intensity protocol effect. Both bleaching protocols showed there was no significant difference in ?SGU recorded after bleaching between high and descending light intensities protocols. CONCLUSION:Descending different light intensities protocol showed a lower teeth sensitivity than high same light intensity protocol. Descending light intensities protocol had a little higher effect on colour change in shade guide units (SGU) than high light intensity protocol effect.
| S-EPMC6698123 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objectives:To evaluate the colorimetric change in incisors and canines of adolescents aged 12 to 20 years submitted to at-home whitening and to evaluate satisfaction, sensitivity and discomfort during the procedures through a questionnaire.Method:Thirty adolescents were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) 6.0% hydrogen peroxide (White Class with calcium - FGM); 2) 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (White Class with calcium - FGM); 3) 10% hydrogen peroxide (Oral B 3D White - Oral-B); 4) Control group - placebo. Assessments were performed prior to treatment as well as at 7, 30, 180 and 360 days after treatment. Friedman's ANOVA was used to analyze color. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test was used to compare the groups at the different evaluation times. Answers on the questionnaires were ranked, and non-parametrical tests were employed. The groups were compared in each period using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. Categorical data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, and the Wilcoxon test was used for the analysis of different periods. P-values were corrected using the Hyan-Holm step-down Bonferroni procedure. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01998386.Results:Similar results were obtained one month after treatment with both tooth whitening gels and whitening strips. Patients were partially satisfied with the treatment after the first and second weeks and would recommend it. All products demonstrated color stability after 12 months of follow-up.Conclusions:The bleaching procedure was efficient, and the patients could perceive its result. Further investigations are needed to determine the effects of bleaching on young teeth.
| S-EPMC5348580 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:The aesthetic self-perception and psychosocial impact of whitening is poorly explored in the literature; it is even less clear whether the effect of whitening may influence the psychology or social relations of patients. Therefore, the aim of this trial is to evaluate the impact of an at-home whitening procedure on patients' quality of life. Also, this study's secondary objective is the adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the OES questionnaire (OES-SP). METHODS:Fifty eight patients underwent whitening with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel for 1?h daily for 3?weeks. For these participants, the OHIP-Esthetics, PIDAQ, and OES surveys were applied before, one week after, and one month after the whitening procedure. Oral health-related quality of life was measured using the OHIP-Esthetics survey and the psychosocial impact using the PIDAQ survey. The orofacial aesthetics was measured by OES and validated for the Spanish Chilean context. The treatment efficacy (?E and ?SGU) and data from the OHIP-Esthetics PIDAQ and OES surveys were compared using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. RESULTS:The whitening procedure was effective (?E?=?5.9?±?1.8). The OHIP-Esthetics results were significant when comparing the initial baseline survey prior to the treatment and one week after whitening (p?<?0.001) and when comparing the baseline and one-month results (p?<?0.001). The overall score on the PIDAQ, after one week post-whitening, was separated into factors and all factors were statistically significant (p?<?0.03); the factors for the one-month results were also all statistically significant (p?<?0.001), except the social impact factor. The OES questionnaire had statistically significantly increased scores both one week and one month post-treatment (p?<?0.0001). The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the OES-SP were satisfactory. CONCLUSION:The at-home whitening procedure with carbamide peroxide 10% had a positive effect on patients' oral health-related quality of life, psychology, and aesthetic perception after one month post-whitening. The Chilean Spanish version of the OES showed satisfactory psychometric characteristics to evaluate dental whitening. TRIAL REGISTRATION:NCT02605239 . Date that the study was retrospectively registered: 11-11-2015.
| S-EPMC6290526 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Chemically induced dimerizers (CIDs) have emerged as one of the most powerful tools for artificially regulating signaling pathways in cells; however, currently available CID systems lack the properties desired for use in regulating cellular therapies. Here, we report the development of human antibody-based chemically induced dimerizers (AbCIDs) from known small-molecule-protein complexes by selecting for synthetic antibodies that recognize the chemical epitope created by the bound small molecule. We demonstrate this concept by generating three antibodies that are highly selective for the BCL-xL-ABT-737 complex compared to BCL-xL alone. We show the potential of AbCIDs for application in regulating human cell therapies by using them to induce CRISPRa-mediated gene expression and to regulate CAR T-cell activation. We believe that the AbCIDs generated in this study will find application in regulating cell therapies and that the general method of AbCID development may lead to the creation of many new and orthogonal CIDs.
| S-EPMC6352901 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Tooth whitening usually includes the direct use of gels containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide on the tooth enamel surface through a wide variety of products formulas. A generally new advancement in whitening of teeth uses the significant importance of the tooth color shift from yellow to blue in delivering a general enhancement in the observation of tooth whiteness. The aim of the current work was to measure the tooth whitening effects, surface roughness and enamel morphology of six different types of blue covarine-containing and blue covarine-free toothpastes using in vitro models. Methods: A total of 70 sound extracted human premolars were randomly and equally divided into seven groups, and each subjected to tooth brushing using different toothpastes. Tooth color and enamel surface roughness were measured before and after the brushing procedure using a white light interferometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess tooth surface after the procedure. Results: Toothpaste containing blue covarine resulted in the greatest improvement in tooth color amongst all groups as well as a statistically significant color difference when compared to blue covarine-free toothpaste. Furthermore, blue covarine-containing toothpaste resulted in fewer morphological changes to the enamel surface. This was confirmed with SEM images that showed smooth enamel surfaces with fine scratches. Conclusions: The results from the present study show that blue covarine containing toothpastes are reliable, effective in tooth whitening and produce less surface abrasion when compared to blue covarine-free toothpastes.
| S-EPMC6900807 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Transfer printing, a two-step process (i.e. picking up and printing) for heterogeneous integration, has been widely exploited for the fabrication of functional electronics system. To ensure a reliable process, strong adhesion for picking up and weak or no adhesion for printing are required. However, it is challenging to meet the requirements of switchable stamp adhesion. Here we introduce a simple, high fidelity process, namely tape transfer printing (TTP), enabled by chemically induced dramatic modulation in tape adhesive strength. We describe the working mechanism of the adhesion modulation that governs this process and demonstrate the method by high fidelity tape transfer printing several types of materials and devices, including Si pellets arrays, photodetector arrays, and electromyography (EMG) sensors, from their preparation substrates to various alien substrates. High fidelity tape transfer printing of components onto curvilinear surfaces is also illustrated.
| S-EPMC4639845 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundDespite evidence of exercise benefits to lung function, adherence to routine exercise in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) is low. The incorporation of interactive virtual reality video exergame activities in home-based programs as an incentive may help improve motivation and adherence to exercise. This proposed study will attempt to improve the physical fitness and respiratory function of sedentary adults with CF by engaging them in a Nintendo Wii Fit Plus™ home-based exercise program.MethodsA single group pretest-posttest design will be used to examine the immediate (12-weeks) and long-term effect (24-weeks) of a home-based exergame program on improving pulmonary-related function (physical fitness and respiratory function) in sedentary adults with CF. Participants will receive a one-time orientation to the Wii Fit Plus, and will be requested to use it to exercise according to the recommended guidelines 3 times a week for 30 min in the following 24 weeks. Monthly phone monitoring will be conducted during the first 12 weeks. Besides evaluating the efficacy of a home-based exergame program on improving aerobic capacity, physical activity, and respiratory-related symptoms, we will examine the impact of the exergame on airway ion transport as measured by nasal potential difference, which will be collected at baseline and at the end of 12-weeks only.DiscussionThis is the first study to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and potential effectiveness of a low-cost exercise avenue (i.e., exergames) for adults with CF to improve their pulmonary-related function, which is important for CF disease management and prevention of complications. In addition, the proposed study will be the first to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of home-based exergames on airway ion transport among adults with CF. Through an increase in physical activity, it is expected that participants will improve their physical fitness and respiratory function at the end of the study.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02277860.
| S-EPMC7643879 | biostudies-literature
Project description:During the course of inflammation and its resolution, macrophages are exposed to various cytotoxic materials, including reactive oxygen species. Thus, macrophages require a protective machinery against oxidative stress to survive at the inflammatory site. Here, we showed that xCT, a component of transport system x(c)(-), was significantly up-regulated in activated infiltrating cells, including macrophages and neutrophils at the inflammatory site. System x(c)(-) mediates the uptake of extracellular L-cystine and is consequently responsible for maintenance of intracellular glutathione levels. We established a loss-of-function mouse mutant line of xCT by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis. Macrophages from xCT(mu/mu) mice showed cell death in association with the excessive release of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 upon stimulation with LPS, suggesting that xCT deficiency causes unremitting inflammation because of the impaired survival of activated macrophages at the inflammatory site. Subcutaneous injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA) induced the generation of fibrosarcoma in association with inflammation. When 3-MCA was injected s.c. into mice, xCT mRNA was up-regulated in situ. In xCT(mu/mu) mice, inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1beta and TNFalpha) were overexpressed, and the generation of 3-MCA-induced fibrosarcoma was accelerated. These results clearly indicate that the defect of the protective system against oxidative stress impaired survival of activated macrophages and subsequently enhanced tumorigenecity.
| S-EPMC2852021 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Risk assessment of chemical hazards is typically based on single critical health effects. This work aims to expand the current approach by characterizing the dose-related sequence of the development of multiple (lower- to higher-order) toxicological health effects caused by a chemical. To this end a "reference point profile" is defined as the relation between benchmark doses for considered health effects, and a standardized severity score determined for these effects. For a given dose of a chemical or mixture the probability for exceeding the reference point profile, thereby provoking lower- to higher-order effects, can be assessed. The overall impact at the same dose can also be derived by integrating contributions across all health effects following severity-weighting. In its generalized form the new impact metric relates to the probability of response for the most severe health effects. Reference points (points of departure) corresponding to defined levels of response can also be estimated. The proposed concept, which is evaluated for dioxin-like chemicals, provides an alternative for characterizing the low-dose region below the reference point for a severe effect like cancer. The shape and variability of the reference point profile add new dimensions to risk assessment, which for example extends the characterization of chemical potency, and the concept of acceptable effect sizes for individual health effects. Based on the present data the method shows high stability at low doses/responses, and is also robust to differences in severity categorization of effects. In conclusion, the novel method proposed enables risk-based integration of multiple dose-related health effects. It provides a first step towards a more comprehensive characterization of chemical toxicity, and suggests a potential for improved low-dose risk assessment.
| S-EPMC6190798 | biostudies-other
Project description:Light and heat increase the reactivity of hydrogen peroxide. There is no evidence that light activation (power bleaching with high-intensity light) results in a more effective bleaching with a longer lasting effect with high concentrated hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels. Laser light differs from conventional light as it requires a laser-target interaction. The interaction takes place in the first instance in the bleaching gel. The second interaction has to be induced in the tooth, more specifically in the dentine. There is evidence that interaction exists with the bleaching gel: photothermal, photocatalytical, and photochemical interactions are described. The reactivity of the gel is increased by adding photocatalyst of photosensitizers. Direct and effective photobleaching, that is, a direct interaction with the colour molecules in the dentine, however, is only possible with the argon (488 and 415 nm) and KTP laser (532 nm). A number of risks have been described such as heat generation. Nd:YAG and especially high power diode lasers present a risk with intrapulpal temperature elevation up to 22°C. Hypersensitivity is regularly encountered, being it of temporary occurrence except for a number of diode wavelengths and the Nd:YAG. The tooth surface remains intact after laser bleaching. At present, KTP laser is the most efficient dental bleaching wavelength.
| S-EPMC4385673 | biostudies-other