Home-based chemically-induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Eachempati P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6517292 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Home-based chemically-induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults.
Eachempati Prashanti P Kumbargere Nagraj Sumanth S Kiran Kumar Krishanappa Salian S Gupta Puneet P Yaylali Ibrahim Ethem IE
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20181218
<h4>Background</h4>With the increased demand for whiter teeth, home-based bleaching products, either dentist-prescribed or over-the-counter products have been exponentially increasing in the past few decades. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2006.<h4>Objectives</h4>To evaluate the effects of home-based tooth whitening products with chemical bleaching action, dispensed by a dentist or over-the-counter.<h4>Search methods</h4>Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist se ...[more]
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Project description:AimThe study aimed to compare teeth sensitivity and shade after bleaching protocol with descending different light intensities versus bleaching protocol with the same high light intensity.Material and methodsSample size was twenty-four patients. Each group consisted of twelve patients. Group, I patients received bleaching protocol of descending different light intensities. Group II patients received bleaching protocol with the same high light intensity; both groups used the same home bleaching gel kit for seven days according to manufacturer instructions and protocol. Baseline records were digital photographs, teeth sensitivity and teeth shade for 12 anterior teeth. Teeth sensitivity was assessed using five points verbal rating scale and Standardized 100 mm Visual analogue scale after 1 day, after 2 days and after 1 week. Teeth shades for twelve anterior teeth were recorded by VITA Easy Shade V (VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) after 1 week by VITA Easy Shade V. Mann-Whitney test (non-parametric test, 2 independent samples) was used to compare teeth sensitivity between both bleaching protocols at each period. A paired t-test (parametric test, 2 related samples) was performed to compare the colour change in shade guide units (SGU) and ∆E values within high light intensity bleaching protocol. While Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test (non-parametric test, 2 related samples) was used to compare colour change light intensities bleaching protocol. Comparison of bleaching effectiveness (∆SGU and ∆Ediff) between both bleaching protocols was performed by the Mann-Whitney test.ResultsDescending light intensities protocol showed a lower teeth sensitivity than high light intensity protocol after 1 and 2 days. There was no teeth sensitivity reported at 1-week post-bleaching. Regarding the teeth shade, descending light intensities protocol had a little higher effect on colour change in shade guide units (SGU) than high light intensity protocol effect. Both bleaching protocols showed there was no significant difference in ∆SGU recorded after bleaching between high and descending light intensities protocols.ConclusionDescending different light intensities protocol showed a lower teeth sensitivity than high same light intensity protocol. Descending light intensities protocol had a little higher effect on colour change in shade guide units (SGU) than high light intensity protocol effect.
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Project description:Walnut is a common member of the family Juglandaceae. Recently, the evaluation of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the parts of walnut has received increased interest. Many reasons are responsible for teeth discolouration because teeth can absorb ingredients from tea, coffee, and food. Stains from these ingredients could stay in the porous enamel layer. Traditional whitening chemicals have some side effects, the most common of which is tooth sensitivity and mild or moderate gingival irritation. The aims of this comparative experimental study were to evaluate the whitening effect of Juglans regia dry husk extract and compare it with that of traditional prophylactic pumice. Forty human teeth were collected. Amongst these teeth, 20 were permanent, and the other 20 were primary. Each group was randomly divided into a study group (treated with dry husk extract) and a control group (treated with traditional pumice). Tooth colour was measured with Easy VitaShade Advanced 4.0, and the readings of lightness, chroma, and hue (a∗ represents the green to red axis and b∗ represents the blue to yellow axis) were documented for each tooth before and after polishing. A statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (version 22; Chicago, Illinois, USA). Data were analysed using Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon sum rank, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and the level of significance was set to 0.05. A normality test was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and it showed that the colour variables were not normally distributed. With regard to tooth lightness, significant differences were observed in the primary and permanent teeth and Juglans regia exerted a much better whitening effect than pumice at p < 0.05. This study supports the use of Juglans regia dry husk extract in dentistry as a natural product with a whitening effect. It has utilisation potential in dentistry due to its beneficial properties and highly active components.
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Project description:ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prognosis of at-home dental bleaching using low concentration bleaching products.Materials and methodsThis review was conducted was performed following the recommendations of the 2020 PRISMA statement and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO-CRD42022360530). The PICO question was "What is the prognosis of home teeth whitening treatment?". An advanced electronic search was made in three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase.ResultsThe database search led to the retrieval of 225 articles. After elimination of duplicate references, the titles and abstracts of the articles were analyzed with respect to the eligibility criteria, and 24 studies were included for the development of the systematic review.ConclusionsMost authors state that the color remains stable between 1 and 2.5 years regardless of the type of bleaching agent or the forms of administration, and color stability in cases of severe discolorations presents a higher degree of recurrence.Clinical relevanceGiven the growing demand for dental cosmetic treatments, the following systematic review may aid the clinician's continuing education and evidence-based practice by providing knowledge on the field of at-home dental bleaching agents and their long-term effects.
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Project description:Objectives:To evaluate the colorimetric change in incisors and canines of adolescents aged 12 to 20 years submitted to at-home whitening and to evaluate satisfaction, sensitivity and discomfort during the procedures through a questionnaire.Method:Thirty adolescents were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) 6.0% hydrogen peroxide (White Class with calcium - FGM); 2) 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (White Class with calcium - FGM); 3) 10% hydrogen peroxide (Oral B 3D White - Oral-B); 4) Control group - placebo. Assessments were performed prior to treatment as well as at 7, 30, 180 and 360 days after treatment. Friedman's ANOVA was used to analyze color. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test was used to compare the groups at the different evaluation times. Answers on the questionnaires were ranked, and non-parametrical tests were employed. The groups were compared in each period using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. Categorical data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, and the Wilcoxon test was used for the analysis of different periods. P-values were corrected using the Hyan-Holm step-down Bonferroni procedure. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01998386.Results:Similar results were obtained one month after treatment with both tooth whitening gels and whitening strips. Patients were partially satisfied with the treatment after the first and second weeks and would recommend it. All products demonstrated color stability after 12 months of follow-up.Conclusions:The bleaching procedure was efficient, and the patients could perceive its result. Further investigations are needed to determine the effects of bleaching on young teeth.
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Project description:Background: Whitening toothpastes exert a whitening effect on teeth through higher surface cleaning effectiveness resulting from the abrasive properties of the paste or specific chemical components. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conceptualized to examine the relationship between whitening toothpastes and surface roughness as well as microhardness of human teeth and to clarify the evidence base available around this relationship by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in this topic area, looking at in vitro randomized control trials. Methods: Criteria for including studies in the review were done based on population, intervention, comparison, outcomes and study and studies were identified from electronic databases. Covidence® was used for data screening and data extraction. The CONSORT tool was used for checking relevant content and methodology used in each of the papers reviewed. Systematic review was done followed by meta-analysis, using Review Manager. Results: A total of 125 articles were obtained on key word search. After duplicate removal and title screening, 17 articles were eligible for full text review. Finally, 7 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on 4 studies. The forest plot for surface roughness showed that that the meta-analytic effect was statistically significant with surface roughness value being higher in the intervention group. The forest plot for microhardness showed that the meta-analytic effect was statistically significant with the microhardness value being lesser in the intervention group. Conclusions: Although whitening toothpastes typically can lighten tooth color by about one or two shades, there is some evidence to show that these toothpastes also affect the mineral content of teeth by increasing surface roughness and reducing microhardness. More evidence and further research are needed to identify the type of whitening agent which will whiten the tooth effectively while maintaining the integrity of the tooth structure.
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Project description:BackgroundThe aesthetic self-perception and psychosocial impact of whitening is poorly explored in the literature; it is even less clear whether the effect of whitening may influence the psychology or social relations of patients. Therefore, the aim of this trial is to evaluate the impact of an at-home whitening procedure on patients' quality of life. Also, this study's secondary objective is the adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the OES questionnaire (OES-SP).MethodsFifty eight patients underwent whitening with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel for 1 h daily for 3 weeks. For these participants, the OHIP-Esthetics, PIDAQ, and OES surveys were applied before, one week after, and one month after the whitening procedure. Oral health-related quality of life was measured using the OHIP-Esthetics survey and the psychosocial impact using the PIDAQ survey. The orofacial aesthetics was measured by OES and validated for the Spanish Chilean context. The treatment efficacy (ΔE and ΔSGU) and data from the OHIP-Esthetics PIDAQ and OES surveys were compared using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test.ResultsThe whitening procedure was effective (ΔE = 5.9 ± 1.8). The OHIP-Esthetics results were significant when comparing the initial baseline survey prior to the treatment and one week after whitening (p < 0.001) and when comparing the baseline and one-month results (p < 0.001). The overall score on the PIDAQ, after one week post-whitening, was separated into factors and all factors were statistically significant (p < 0.03); the factors for the one-month results were also all statistically significant (p < 0.001), except the social impact factor. The OES questionnaire had statistically significantly increased scores both one week and one month post-treatment (p < 0.0001). The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the OES-SP were satisfactory.ConclusionThe at-home whitening procedure with carbamide peroxide 10% had a positive effect on patients' oral health-related quality of life, psychology, and aesthetic perception after one month post-whitening. The Chilean Spanish version of the OES showed satisfactory psychometric characteristics to evaluate dental whitening.Trial registrationNCT02605239 . Date that the study was retrospectively registered: 11-11-2015.
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Project description:ObjectivePatients with multiple medical conditions and complex social issues are at risk for high utilization and poor outcomes. The Connecting Provider to Home program deployed teams of a social worker and a community health worker (CHW) to support patients with social issues and access to primary care. Our objectives were to examine the impact of the program on utilization and satisfaction with care among older adults with complex social and medical issues.DesignRetrospective quasi-experimental observational study with matched comparator group.SettingCommunity-based program in Southern California.ParticipantsFour hundred twenty community dwelling adults.InterventionCommunity-based healthcare program delivered by a social worker and CHW team for older adults with complex medical and social needs.MeasurementsAcute hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits in the 12 months preceding and following enrollment in the pilot program. A "difference-in-difference" analysis using a matched comparator group was conducted. Comparator group data of patients receiving usual care were obtained. Surveys were conducted to assess patient satisfaction and experiences with the program.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 74 years, and the program demonstrated statistically significant reductions in acute hospitalizations and ED use compared with 700 comparator patients. Pre/post-acute hospitalizations and ED visits were reduced in the intervention group. The average per patient per year reduction in acute hospitalizations was -0.66, whereas the average per patient reduction in ED use was -0.57. Patients enrolled in the program reported high levels of satisfaction and rated the program favorably.ConclusionsA care model with a social worker and CHW can be linked to primary care to address patient social needs and potentially reduce utilization of healthcare services and enhance patient experiences with care.
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Project description: Not available
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