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New perspectives for weeds control using autochthonous fungi with selective bioherbicide potential.

ABSTRACT: The prospection of bioherbicides has been an alternative to weed control, aiming at mitigating chemical risks to human, animal and environmental health due to extreme use of synthetic herbicides. In the present study, various fungi were isolated from plants with symptoms of fungal diseases for bioherbicide purposes against weeds (Urochloa plantaginea, Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa). Fungi isolated were identified by molecular methods and enzymatic products obtained by fungi fermentation (cellulase, lipase, peroxidase, and amylase) were quantified. Bioherbicide selectivity study was performed on crops (soybean and corn), as well as on resistant weeds. Among the isolated fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium ploriferatum, and Trichoderma koningiopsis presented bioherbicide potential. T. koningiopsis, in particular, presented the highest effect on Euphorbia heterophylla (popular name - Mexican fire plant), causing up to 60% of foliar damage, without presenting phytotoxicity against corn crop. New perspectives for weeds control and their use in corn crops were prospected, considering the bioherbicide selectivity described in this study.

SUBMITTER: Reichert Junior FW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6517331 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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New perspectives for weeds control using autochthonous fungi with selective bioherbicide potential.

Reichert Júnior Francisco Wilson FW Scariot Maurício Albertoni MA Forte César Tiago CT Pandolfi Leonardo L Dil Jaqueline Mara JM Weirich Sabrina S Carezia Carine C Mulinari Jéssica J Mazutti Marcio Antônio MA Fongaro Gislaine G Galon Leandro L Treichel Helen H Mossi Altemir José AJ

Heliyon 20190511 5

The prospection of bioherbicides has been an alternative to weed control, aiming at mitigating chemical risks to human, animal and environmental health due to extreme use of synthetic herbicides. In the present study, various fungi were isolated from plants with symptoms of fungal diseases for bioherbicide purposes against weeds (Urochloa plantaginea, Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa). Fungi isolated were identified by molecular methods and enzymatic products obtaine ...[more]

PMID: 31193093

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Project description:BackgroundArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known for their beneficial effects on plants. However, there is increasing evidence that some ruderal plants, including several agricultural weeds, respond negatively to AMF colonization. Here, we investigated the effect of AMF on the growth of individual weed species and on weed-crop interactions.Methodology/principal findingsFirst, under controlled glasshouse conditions, we screened growth responses of nine weed species and three crops to a widespread AMF, Glomus intraradices. None of the weeds screened showed a significant positive mycorrhizal growth response and four weed species were significantly reduced by the AMF (growth responses between -22 and -35%). In a subsequent experiment, we selected three of the negatively responding weed species--Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria viridis and Solanum nigrum--and analyzed their responses to a combination of three AMF (Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae and Glomus claroideum). Finally, we tested whether the presence of a crop (maize) enhanced the suppressive effect of AMF on weeds. We found that the growth of the three selected weed species was also reduced by a combination of AMF and that the presence of maize amplified the negative effect of AMF on the growth of E. crus-galli.Conclusions/significanceOur results show that AMF can negatively influence the growth of some weed species indicating that AMF have the potential to act as determinants of weed community structure. Furthermore, mycorrhizal weed growth reductions can be amplified in the presence of a crop. Previous studies have shown that AMF provide a number of beneficial ecosystem services. Taken together with our current results, the maintenance and promotion of AMF activity may thereby contribute to sustainable management of agroecosystems. However, in order to further the practical and ecological relevance of our findings, additional experiments should be performed under field conditions.

Project description:Weeds are major threats to the integrity of agricultural and natural environments due to their invasive and competing potential. Bioherbicides are substances based on natural compounds that are biodegradable and often have low residual effects. Plant species able to produce and release phytotoxic compounds may represent effective bioherbicide sources. Leaves of Quillaja lancifolia D.Don (formerly Q. brasiliensis (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Mart.) produce water-soluble specialized metabolites of the saponin class that could be evaluated for phytotoxic activity and potential as natural herbicides. This study was conducted to examine the impacts of Q. lancifolia total saponins aqueous extract (AE) at 4 and 10% (w/v) and of two combined reverse-phase chromatography purified saponin fractions (QB) at 1 and 2% (w/v) on morpho-physiological parameters of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyardgrass) in pre- and post-emergence bioassays. QB was only tested in pre-emergence assays. In pre-emergence bioassays, the germination rate and germination kinetics were determined. Post-emergence evaluations included effects on seedling morphology, root and shoot length, dry mass, and chlorophyll content. Osmotic potential and pH analyses ruled out roles for these factors in the observed responses. AE had a high inhibitory impact on the germination of both lettuce and barnyardgrass. QB at 1% and 2% (w/v) significantly decreased the growth of lettuce seedlings germinated in its presence by more than 10-fold. Phytotoxic effects on the post-emergence growth of lettuce, especially at the highest concentration tested of AE (10% w/v), was also observed. The presence of quillaic acid-based triterpene saponins in AE and QB was confirmed using different analytical methods. Therefore, both saponin-enriched fraction and aqueous extracts of Q. lancifolia inhibited tested plant growth and development. The water solubility of saponins and the availability of a sustainable source of these molecules from the leaves of cultivated young Q. lancifolia plants make them attractive candidates for use as bioherbicides.

Dataset Information

New perspectives for weeds control using autochthonous fungi with selective bioherbicide potential.

Publications

New perspectives for weeds control using autochthonous fungi with selective bioherbicide potential.

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