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A discussion of statistical methods to characterise early growth and its impact on bone mineral content later in childhood.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Many statistical methods are available to model longitudinal growth data and relate derived summary measures to later outcomes. AIM:To apply and compare commonly used methods to a realistic scenario including pre- and postnatal data, missing data, and confounders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:Data were collected from 753 offspring in the Southampton Women's Survey with measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) at age 6?years. Ultrasound measures included crown-rump length (11 weeks' gestation) and femur length (19 and 34 weeks' gestation); postnatally, infant length (birth, 6 and 12?months) and height (2 and 3?years) were measured. A residual growth model, two-stage multilevel linear spline model, joint multilevel linear spline model, SITAR and a growth mixture model were used to relate growth to 6-year BMC. RESULTS:Results from the residual growth, two-stage and joint multilevel linear spline models were most comparable: an increase in length at all ages was positively associated with BMC, the strongest association being with later growth. Both SITAR and the growth mixture model demonstrated that length was positively associated with BMC. CONCLUSIONS:Similarities and differences in results from a variety of analytic strategies need to be understood in the context of each statistical methodology.

SUBMITTER: Crozier SR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6518455 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A discussion of statistical methods to characterise early growth and its impact on bone mineral content later in childhood.

Crozier Sarah R SR Johnson William W Cole Tim J TJ Macdonald-Wallis Corrie C Muniz-Terrera Graciela G Inskip Hazel M HM Tilling Kate K

Annals of human biology 20190201 1

<h4>Background</h4>Many statistical methods are available to model longitudinal growth data and relate derived summary measures to later outcomes.<h4>Aim</h4>To apply and compare commonly used methods to a realistic scenario including pre- and postnatal data, missing data, and confounders.<h4>Subjects and methods</h4>Data were collected from 753 offspring in the Southampton Women's Survey with measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) at age 6 years. Ultrasound measures included crown-rump leng ...[more]

PMID: 30719940

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Project description:This study explores the association between cognitive ability in childhood and midlife and bone health outcomes in early old age; and the relationships of these bone measures with contemporaneous and subsequent cognitive ability in the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD). This British birth cohort assessed areal and volumetric bone mineral density (aBMD and vBMD) at age 60-64, derived from peripheral quantitative computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and cognitive performance from childhood to age 69, among 866 women and 792 men. Cognitive performance at age 15 was assessed using tests of verbal and non-verbal ability, and mathematics; and memory and search speed tasks were administered at ages 53, 60-64, and 69. Covariates included body size, pubertal timing, smoking, leisure time physical activity, socioeconomic circumstances and menopause timing. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that higher childhood cognitive ability was associated with higher hip aBMD, in women, and greater cortical and trabecular vBMD, in men. For women, there were positive associations between hip aBMD and total vBMD, and contemporaneous cognitive ability with associations also extending to subsequent cognitive ability for total vBMD. For men, some associations with trabecular and total vBMD emerged at ages 60-64 and 69 but only after adjusting for education, occupational class and health behaviors. Our findings highlight that higher cognitive ability in childhood is associated with BMD in early old age and these associations might be explained by social and behavioral pathways. The results suggest that individuals with greater cognitive ability in early life are more likely to engage in healthy behaviors (e.g., leisure time physical activity) in adulthood, which in turn are associated with greater BMD later in life. Associations between bone health and cognitive performance should be considered within a life course framework; and the potential role of smoking and physical activity should be addressed when advising adults at high future risk of osteoporosis and fracture.

Dataset Information

A discussion of statistical methods to characterise early growth and its impact on bone mineral content later in childhood.

Publications

A discussion of statistical methods to characterise early growth and its impact on bone mineral content later in childhood.

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