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Surveys in the Chrysanthemum Production Areas of Brazil and Colombia Reveal That Weeds Are Potential Reservoirs of Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid.

ABSTRACT: The stunting disease, incited by chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd), has become a serious problem in chrysanthemum production areas worldwide. Here we identified 46 weed species from chrysanthemum fields in two producing regions of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The mechanical inoculation of these weeds with a Brazilian CSVd isolate revealed that this viroid was able to infect 17 of these species, in addition to chrysanthemum, tomato and potato. Plants of Oxalis latifolia and chrysanthemum naturally infected with CSVd were found in chrysanthemum fields in Colombia, which is the first CSVd report in that country. Therefore, weeds have the potential to act as reservoirs of CSVd in the field. These results are the first reports of experimental CSVd infection in the following species: Amaranthus viridis, Cardamine bonariensis, Chamaesyce hirta, Conyza bonariensis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Gomphrena globosa, Helianthus annuus, Lupinus polyphyllus, Mirabilis jalapa, Oxalis latifolia, Portulaca oleracea and Catharanthus roseus. The phylogenetic analyses of the CSVd variants identified herein showed three groups with Brazilian CSVd variants distributed in them all, which suggests that Brazilian CSVd isolates may have different origins through successive introductions of infected germplasm of chrysanthemum in Brazil.

SUBMITTER: Gobatto D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6521175 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Surveys in the Chrysanthemum Production Areas of Brazil and Colombia Reveal That Weeds Are Potential Reservoirs of Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid.

Gobatto Danielle D de Oliveira Lucas Araújo LA de Siqueira Franco Daniel Andrade DA Velásquez Nubia N Daròs José-Antonio JA Eiras Marcelo M

Viruses 20190417 4

The stunting disease, incited by chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd), has become a serious problem in chrysanthemum production areas worldwide. Here we identified 46 weed species from chrysanthemum fields in two producing regions of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The mechanical inoculation of these weeds with a Brazilian CSVd isolate revealed that this viroid was able to infect 17 of these species, in addition to chrysanthemum, tomato and potato. Plants of <i>Oxalis latifolia</i> and chrysanthemu ...[more]

PMID: 30999665

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Project description:BackgroundTwo citrus viroids, Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), have been reported and become potential threats to the citrus industry in Taiwan. The distributions and infection rates of two viroids have not been investigated since the two diseases were presented decades ago. The genetic diversities and evolutionary relationships of two viroids also remain unclear in the mix citrus planted region.MethodsMultiplex RT-PCR was used to detect the two viroids for the first time in seven main cultivars of citrus. Multiplex real-time RT-PCR quantified the distributions of two viroids in four citrus tissues. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the ClustalW and MEGA6 (neighbor-joining with p-distance model), respectively.ResultsHSVd was found more prevalent than CEVd (32.2% vs. 30.4%). Both CEVd and HSVd were commonly found simultaneously in the different citrus cultivars (up to 55%). Results of the multiplex quantitative analysis suggested that uneven distributions of both viroids with twig bark as the most appropriate material for studies involving viroid sampling such as quarantine inspection. Sequence alignment against Taiwanese isolates, along with analysis of secondary structure, revealed the existence of 10 and 5 major mutation sites in CEVd and HSVd, respectively. The mutation sites in CEVd were located at both ends of terminal and variability domains, whereas those in HSVd were situated in left terminal and pathogenicity domains. A phylogenetic analysis incorporating worldwide viroid isolates indicated three and two clusters for the Taiwanese isolates of CEVd and HSVd, respectively.ConclusionsModerately high infection and co-infection rates of two viroids in certain citrus cultivars suggest that different citrus cultivars may play important roles in viroid infection and evolution. These data also demonstrate that two multiplex molecular detection methods developed in the present study provide powerful tools to understand the genetic diversities among viroid isolates and quantify viroids in citrus host. Our field survey can help clarify citrus-viroid relationships as well as develop proper prevention strategies.

Dataset Information

Surveys in the Chrysanthemum Production Areas of Brazil and Colombia Reveal That Weeds Are Potential Reservoirs of Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid.

Publications

Surveys in the Chrysanthemum Production Areas of Brazil and Colombia Reveal That Weeds Are Potential Reservoirs of Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid.

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