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Adoption: A Strategy to Fulfill Sex Preferences of U.S. Parents.

ABSTRACT: Objective:This article examines adoption as a strategy used by parents to fulfill their preference for a specific sex composition among their children in the United States. Background:Evidence from the United States suggests that parents with children of the same sex are more likely to continue childbearing, as parents generally desire at least one girl and one boy. What is unknown, however, is whether parents use adoption to fulfill this same preference. Method:Using data from the 2016 American Community Survey (n=1,107,800 children), the authors test the relationships among the sex composition of preceding siblings, child sex, and adoption status. Results:Children who had same-sex preceding siblings were more likely to be adopted, as opposed to biologically related to their parents, than children who had mixed-sex preceding siblings. Further, adopted children were more likely to be of the missing sex (i.e., adopted girls were more likely than were adopted boys to have only preceding brothers). Conclusion:These findings suggest a need to consider parental sex preferences and child sex in studies on adoption decisions. Further, adoption provides one mechanism parents can use to achieve a balanced sex composition among their children.

SUBMITTER: Gibby AL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6521878 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Adoption: A Strategy to Fulfill Sex Preferences of U.S. Parents.

Gibby Ashley Larsen AL Thomas Kevin K

Journal of marriage and the family 20181023 2

<h4>Objective</h4>This article examines adoption as a strategy used by parents to fulfill their preference for a specific sex composition among their children in the United States.<h4>Background</h4>Evidence from the United States suggests that parents with children of the same sex are more likely to continue childbearing, as parents generally desire at least one girl and one boy. What is unknown, however, is whether parents use adoption to fulfill this same preference.<h4>Method</h4>Using data ...[more]

PMID: 31105334

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Project description:Background and objectivesThe study aimed to: (i) describe whether culture change (CC) practice implementation related to physical environment, resident-centered care, and staff empowerment increased within the same nursing homes (NHs) over time; and (ii) identify factors associated with observed increases.Research design and methodsThis was a nationally representative panel study of 1,584 U.S. NHs surveyed in 2009/2010 and 2016/2017. Survey data were merged with administrative, NH, and market-level data. Physical environment, staff empowerment, and resident-centered care domain scores were calculated at both time points. Multivariate logistic regression models examined factors associated with domain score increases.ResultsOverall, 22% of NHs increased their physical environment scores over time, 32% their staff empowerment scores, and 44% their resident-centered care scores. However, 32%-68% of NHs with below median baseline scores improved their domain scores over time compared with only 11%-21% of NHs with baseline scores at or above the median. Overall, NHs in states with Medicaid pay-for-performance (with CC components), in community care retirement communities, with special care units and higher occupancy had significantly higher odds of increases in physical environment scores. Only baseline domain scores were associated with increases in staff empowerment and resident-centered care scores.Discussion and implicationsThis is the first nationally representative panel study to assess NH CC adoption. Many NHs increased their CC practices, though numerous others did not. While financial incentives and indicators of financial resources were associated with increase in physical environment scores, factors associated with staff empowerment and resident-centered care improvements remain unclear. Studies are needed to assess whether the observed increases in CC adoption are associated with greater quality of life and care gains for residents and whether there is a threshold effect beyond which the efficacy of additional practice implementation may be less impactful.

Dataset Information

Adoption: A Strategy to Fulfill Sex Preferences of U.S. Parents.

Publications

Adoption: A Strategy to Fulfill Sex Preferences of U.S. Parents.

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