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The upper frequency limit for the use of phase locking to code temporal fine structure in humans: A compilation of viewpoints.

ABSTRACT: The relative importance of neural temporal and place coding in auditory perception is still a matter of much debate. The current article is a compilation of viewpoints from leading auditory psychophysicists and physiologists regarding the upper frequency limit for the use of neural phase locking to code temporal fine structure in humans. While phase locking is used for binaural processing up to about 1500?Hz, there is disagreement regarding the use of monaural phase-locking information at higher frequencies. Estimates of the general upper limit proposed by the contributors range from 1500 to 10000?Hz. The arguments depend on whether or not phase locking is needed to explain psychophysical discrimination performance at frequencies above 1500?Hz, and whether or not the phase-locked neural representation is sufficiently robust at these frequencies to provide useable information. The contributors suggest key experiments that may help to resolve this issue, and experimental findings that may cause them to change their minds. This issue is of crucial importance to our understanding of the neural basis of auditory perception in general, and of pitch perception in particular.

SUBMITTER: Verschooten E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6524635 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The upper frequency limit for the use of phase locking to code temporal fine structure in humans: A compilation of viewpoints.

Verschooten Eric E Shamma Shihab S Oxenham Andrew J AJ Moore Brian C J BCJ Joris Philip X PX Heinz Michael G MG Plack Christopher J CJ

Hearing research 20190315

The relative importance of neural temporal and place coding in auditory perception is still a matter of much debate. The current article is a compilation of viewpoints from leading auditory psychophysicists and physiologists regarding the upper frequency limit for the use of neural phase locking to code temporal fine structure in humans. While phase locking is used for binaural processing up to about 1500 Hz, there is disagreement regarding the use of monaural phase-locking information at higher ...[more]

PMID: 30927686

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Project description:Background:Free water (FW) in neuroimaging is non-flowing extracellular water in the cranium and brain tissue, and includes both cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and fluid in intercellular space or edema. For a region such as a voxel (spatial unit of measurement in neuroimaging), the FW fraction is defined as the volume fraction of FW within that volume. Quantifying the FW fraction allows estimating contamination by fluid of neuroimaging or magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements within a voxel. New method:An upper limit to the fraction of FW within a voxel, based on any diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequence including a standard single shell at one b-value, can be derived from the standard diffusion tensor by scaling the third eigenvalue of the diffusion tensor. Assuming a two-compartment model, the diffusivity of a voxel is a combination of tissue and FW diffusivity. FW fraction is FW volume divided by voxel volume. Assuming FW diffuses equally in all directions, the diffusivity component is representable by a single, non-tensor diffusivity value. Since the diffusivity of water is known for a given temperature, and brain temperature is relatively constant, the FW diffusivity value can be assumed constant. The third eigenvector of the voxel diffusion tensor is the direction of least diffusivity and since the FW component of diffusivity is equal in all directions, we show that FW diffusivity cannot be lower than the third eigenvalue. Assuming FW contributes proportionally to voxel diffusivity, we show that the third eigenvalue divided by water diffusivity (as a constant based on known water diffusivity at 36.7 °C) forms an upper limit on the FW-fraction (fUL ). Results:We calculated fUL for 384 subjects from the IXI dataset. Values mostly ranged from 0.1 to 0.6, and were closely related to radial diffusivity.Comparison with Existing Methods:fUL is easily calculated from any DTI data, but is not a true estimate of FW-fraction. Conclusions:The fUL measure offers a starting point in calculating the true FW-fraction of a voxel, or an easy-to-calculate voxel characteristic.

Dataset Information

The upper frequency limit for the use of phase locking to code temporal fine structure in humans: A compilation of viewpoints.

Publications

The upper frequency limit for the use of phase locking to code temporal fine structure in humans: A compilation of viewpoints.

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