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The feasibility of a novel limited field of view spiral cine DENSE sequence to assess myocardial strain in dilated cardiomyopathy.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Develop an accelerated cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) sequence to enable clinically feasible myocardial strain evaluation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). MATERIALS AND METHODS:A spiral cine DENSE sequence was modified by limiting the field of view in two dimensions using in-plane slice-selective pulses in the stimulated echo. This reduced breath hold duration from 20RR to 14RR intervals. Following phantom and pilot studies, the feasibility of the sequence to assess peak radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain was tested in control subjects (n?=?18) and then applied in DCM patients (n?=?29). RESULTS:DENSE acquisition was possible in all participants. Elements of the data were not analysable in 1 control (6%) and 4 DCM r(14%) subjects due to off-resonance or susceptibility artefacts and low signal-to-noise ratio. Peak radial, circumferential, short-axis contour strain and longitudinal strain was reduced in DCM patients (p??0.80), except peak radial strain. DISCUSSION:We demonstrate the feasibility of CMR strain assessment in healthy controls and DCM patients using an accelerated cine DENSE technique. This may facilitate integration of strain assessment into routine CMR studies.

SUBMITTER: Tayal U

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6525145 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The feasibility of a novel limited field of view spiral cine DENSE sequence to assess myocardial strain in dilated cardiomyopathy.

Tayal Upasana U Wage Ricardo R Ferreira Pedro Filipe PF Nielles-Vallespin Sonia S Epstein Frederick Howard FH Auger Daniel D Zhong Xiaodong X Pennell Dudley John DJ Firmin David Nigel DN Scott Andrew David AD Prasad Sanjay Kumar SK

Magma (New York, N.Y.) 20190129 3

<h4>Objective</h4>Develop an accelerated cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) sequence to enable clinically feasible myocardial strain evaluation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).<h4>Materials and methods</h4>A spiral cine DENSE sequence was modified by limiting the field of view in two dimensions using in-plane slice-selective pulses in the stimulated echo. This reduced breath hold duration from 20RR to 14RR intervals. Fo ...[more]

PMID: 30694416

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Project description:PurposeTo develop a three-dimensional (two dimensions + time) convolutional neural network trained with displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) data for displacement and strain analysis of cine MRI.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective multicenter study, a deep learning model (StrainNet) was developed to predict intramyocardial displacement from contour motion. Patients with various heart diseases and healthy controls underwent cardiac MRI examinations with DENSE between August 2008 and January 2022. Network training inputs were a time series of myocardial contours from DENSE magnitude images, and ground truth data were DENSE displacement measurements. Model performance was evaluated using pixelwise end-point error (EPE). For testing, StrainNet was applied to contour motion from cine MRI. Global and segmental circumferential strain (Ecc) derived from commercial feature tracking (FT), StrainNet, and DENSE (reference) were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Pearson correlations, Bland-Altman analyses, paired t tests, and linear mixed-effects models.ResultsThe study included 161 patients (110 men; mean age, 61 years ± 14 [SD]), 99 healthy adults (44 men; mean age, 35 years ± 15), and 45 healthy children and adolescents (21 males; mean age, 12 years ± 3). StrainNet showed good agreement with DENSE for intramyocardial displacement, with an average EPE of 0.75 mm ± 0.35. The ICCs between StrainNet and DENSE and FT and DENSE were 0.87 and 0.72, respectively, for global Ecc and 0.75 and 0.48, respectively, for segmental Ecc. Bland-Altman analysis showed that StrainNet had better agreement than FT with DENSE for global and segmental Ecc.ConclusionStrainNet outperformed FT for global and segmental Ecc analysis of cine MRI.Keywords: Image Postprocessing, MR Imaging, Cardiac, Heart, Pediatrics, Technical Aspects, Technology Assessment, Strain, Deep Learning, DENSE Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2023.

Project description:IntroductionDisplacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) is a phase contrast technique that encodes tissue displacement into phase images, which are typically processed into measures of cardiac function such as strains. For improved signal to noise ratio and spatiotemporal resolution, DENSE is often acquired with a spiral readout using an 11.1 ms readout duration. However, long spiral readout durations are prone to blurring due to common phenomena such as off-resonance and T2* decay, which may alter the resulting quantifications of strain. We hypothesized that longer readout durations would reduce image quality and underestimate cardiac strains at both 3.0 T and 1.5 T and that using short readout durations could overcome these limitations.Material and methodsComputational simulations were performed to investigate the relationship between off-resonance and T2* decay, the spiral cine DENSE readout duration, and measured radial and circumferential strain. Five healthy participants subsequently underwent 2D spiral cine DENSE at both 3.0 T and 1.5 T with several different readout durations 11.1 ms and shorter. Pearson correlations were used to assess the relationship between cardiac strains and the spiral readout duration.ResultsSimulations demonstrated that long readout durations combined with off-resonance and T2* decay yield blurred images and underestimate strains. With the typical 11.1 ms DENSE readout, blurring was present in the anterior and lateral left ventricular segments of participants and was markedly improved with shorter readout durations. Radial and circumferential strains from those segments were significantly correlated with the readout duration. Compared to the 1.9 ms readout, the 11.1 ms readout underestimated radial and circumferential strains in those segments at both field strengths by up to 19.6% and 1.5% (absolute), or 42% and 7% (relative), respectively.ConclusionsBlurring is present in spiral cine DENSE images acquired at both 3.0 T and 1.5 T using the typical 11.1 ms readout duration, which yielded substantially reduced radial strains and mildly reduced circumferential strains. Clinical studies using spiral cine DENSE should consider these limitations, while future technical advances may need to leverage accelerated techniques to improve the robustness and accuracy of the DENSE acquisition rather than focusing solely on reduced acquisition time.

Project description:ObjectivesWe sought to assess the effectiveness of automated mechanical dyssynchrony (MD) parameters based on regional heterogeneity of strain (circumferential [CURE], longitudinal [LURE], and radial uniformity ratio estimates) relative to parameters based on regional time to peak contraction with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) cine DENSE (Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes) validated with myocardial tissue tagging (MTT) strain data.BackgroundDyssynchrony measures based on the Fourier transformation (FT) of regional strain, such as CURE (previously evaluated in cardiac resynchronization therapy candidates), directly assess MD and yield straightforward global dyssynchrony indexes; however, performance relative to the 12-segment standard deviation of time to peak strain (SD12) or maximal regional delay in time to peak strain is unknown.MethodsCine DENSE and MTT were obtained with CMR (1.5-T Siemens Avanto, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) in 13 canines: 3 normal control subjects, 5 with tachycardia pacing-induced heart failure (HF) and left bundle branch ablation (LBBB-HF), and 5 with HF and narrow QRS (NQRS-HF). Strain and dyssynchrony parameters were determined with both CMR methods.ResultsBoth HF groups had reduced peak strains and left ventricular ejection fraction compared with normal cases. There was strong agreement between cine DENSE and MTT on the basis of intraclass correlation coefficients (CURE: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.00; LURE: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.77 to 0.98; circumferential strain [E(CC)]: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.99; longitudinal strain [E(LL)]: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.97). The FT-based metrics (scale 0 to 1), in particular CURE, discriminated highly between LBBB-HF and NQRS-HF groups (median difference): CURE: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.76; LURE: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.58; radial uniformity ratio estimate: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.40). In contrast, relative confidence intervals for group differences in time-to-peak parameters were wide, indicating less consistent discrimination (median difference): SD12-E(CC): 52.5, 95% CI: -4.0 to 109.2; SD12-E(LL): 40.9, 95% CI: -5.3 to 87.1; SD12-radial strain: 42.0, 95% CI: 0.4 to 83.6). Correlations between FT-based and time-to-peak parameters were significant (CURE/SD12-E(CC): r = -0.62, p = 0.03; LURE/SD12-E(LL): r = -0.76, p = 0.005) but not as tight as correlations between time-to-peak parameters.ConclusionsAutomated FT-based circumferential, radial, and longitudinal dyssynchrony measures compare favorably with time-to-peak parameters. Cine DENSE was effective for this application and validated with MTT. Further clinical evaluation in cardiac resynchronization therapy candidates with CMR or other imaging modalities is warranted.

Dataset Information

The feasibility of a novel limited field of view spiral cine DENSE sequence to assess myocardial strain in dilated cardiomyopathy.

Publications

The feasibility of a novel limited field of view spiral cine DENSE sequence to assess myocardial strain in dilated cardiomyopathy.

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