Dataset Information

Phylogeography of Dictyota fasciola and Dictyota mediterranea (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae): unexpected patterns on the Atlantic-Mediterranean marine transition and taxonomic implications.

ABSTRACT: The Atlantic-Mediterranean marine transition is a fascinating biogeographic region, but still very poorly studied from the point of view of seaweed phylogeography. Dictyota fasciola and D. mediterranea (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) are two currently recognized sister species that share a large part of their distribution along the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, representing a unique study model to understand the diversification processes experienced by macroalgae during and after Messinian at this marine region. In this study, we sampled 102 individuals of D. fasciola and D. mediterranea from 32 localities along their distribution range and sequenced the mitochondrial cox1 and the chloroplast rbcL-rbcS DNA regions for all the samples. Our data do not support the occurrence of two sister species but a morphologically variable and highly genetic diverse species or a complex of species. Most of the observed genetic diversity corresponds to the Mediterranean populations, whereas the Atlantic ones are much more homogeneous. The early-diverged lineages inferred from both mtDNA and cpDNA phylogenetic reconstructions were constituted by samples from the Mediterranean Sea. Together, these results suggest that the Mediterranean Sea acted as a refugium for the D. fasciola-D. mediterranea lineage during the geologic and climatic changes occurred on the region since the Miocene, subsequently dispersing to the Atlantic Ocean.

SUBMITTER: Vitales D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6526009 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Phylogeography of Dictyota fasciola and Dictyota mediterranea (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae): unexpected patterns on the Atlantic-Mediterranean marine transition and taxonomic implications.

Vitales Daniel D Aragay Joana J Garnatje Teresa T Gómez Garreta Amelia A Rull Lluch Jordi J

PeerJ 20190516

The Atlantic-Mediterranean marine transition is a fascinating biogeographic region, but still very poorly studied from the point of view of seaweed phylogeography. Dictyota fasciola and D. mediterranea (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) are two currently recognized sister species that share a large part of their distribution along the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, representing a unique study model to understand the diversification processes experienced by macroalgae during and ...[more]

PMID: 31143543

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Schmidtea mediterranea (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Continenticola) is found in scattered localities on a few islands and in coastal areas of the western Mediterranean. Although S. mediterranea is the object of many regeneration studies, little is known about its evolutionary history. Its present distribution has been proposed to stem from the fragmentation and migration of the Corsica-Sardinia microplate during the formation of the western Mediterranean basin, which implies an ancient origin for the species. To test this hypothesis, we obtained a large number of samples from across its distribution area. Using known and new molecular markers and, for the first time in planarians, a molecular clock, we analysed the genetic variability and demographic parameters within the species and between its sexual and asexual populations to estimate when they diverged. RESULTS: A total of 2 kb from three markers (COI, CYB and a nuclear intron N13) was amplified from ~200 specimens. Molecular data clustered the studied populations into three groups that correspond to the west, central and southeastern geographical locations of the current distribution of S. mediterranea. Mitochondrial genes show low haplotype and nucleotide diversity within populations but demonstrate higher values when all individuals are considered. The nuclear marker shows higher values of genetic diversity than the mitochondrial genes at the population level, but asexual populations present lower variability than the sexual ones. Neutrality tests are significant for some populations. Phylogenetic and dating analyses show the three groups to be monophyletic, with the west group being the basal group. The time when the diversification of the species occurred is between ~20 and ~4 mya, although the asexual nature of the western populations could have affected the dating analyses. CONCLUSIONS: S. mediterranea is an old species that is sparsely distributed in a harsh habitat, which is probably the consequence of the migration of the Corsica-Sardinia block. This species probably adapted to temperate climates in the middle of a changing Mediterranean climate that eventually became dry and hot. These data also suggest that in the mainland localities of Europe and Africa, sexual individuals of S. mediterranea are being replaced by asexual individuals that are either conspecific or are from other species that are better adapted to the Mediterranean climate.

Dataset Information

Phylogeography of Dictyota fasciola and Dictyota mediterranea (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae): unexpected patterns on the Atlantic-Mediterranean marine transition and taxonomic implications.

Publications

Phylogeography of <i>Dictyota fasciola</i> and <i>Dictyota mediterranea</i> (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae): unexpected patterns on the Atlantic-Mediterranean marine transition and taxonomic implications.

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