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Maternal heat stress regulates the early fat deposition partly through modification of m6A RNA methylation in neonatal piglets.

ABSTRACT: It is known that heat stress induces various physiological challenges in livestock production including changes in lipid metabolism. However, the molecular mechanism of how heat stress regulates lipid metabolism at the mRNA level is still largely unknown. N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) is the most common and abundant modification on RNA molecules present in eukaryotes, which affects almost all aspects of RNA metabolism and thus gives us the hint that it may participate in changes of gene expression of lipid metabolism during heat stress. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of heat stress on fat metabolism in 21-day Large White × Landrace piglets from sows challenged by heat stress from day 85 of gestation until day 21 of lactation. We measured the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), genes associated with lipid metabolism, m6A-related enzymes, and m6A levels in abdominal fat and liver of offspring piglets. Our results showed that high ambient temperature significantly increased the expression of HSP70 (P?

SUBMITTER: Heng J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6527640 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Maternal heat stress regulates the early fat deposition partly through modification of m6A RNA methylation in neonatal piglets.

Heng Jinghui J Tian Min M Zhang Wenfei W Chen Fang F Guan Wutai W Zhang Shihai S

Cell stress & chaperones 20190508 3

It is known that heat stress induces various physiological challenges in livestock production including changes in lipid metabolism. However, the molecular mechanism of how heat stress regulates lipid metabolism at the mRNA level is still largely unknown. N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) is the most common and abundant modification on RNA molecules present in eukaryotes, which affects almost all aspects of RNA metabolism and thus gives us the hint that it may participate in change ...[more]

PMID: 31069641

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Project description:Background:Fat percentage and distribution in pigs are associated with their productive efficiency and meat quality. Dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) regulate fat metabolism in weanling piglets with unknown mechanism. It is reported that N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) is involved in fat metabolism in mice. The current study was designed to investigate the relationship between dietary branched-chain amino acids and fat metabolism through N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) in weanling piglets. Methods:A total of 18 healthy crossbred weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large White, 10.45?±?0.41?kg) were divided into 3 treatments and were fed the low BCAA dose diet (L-BCAA), the normal dose BCAA diet (N-BCAA), or the high dose BCAA (H-BCAA) diet for 3 weeks. Results:Our results show that compared with the N-BCAA group, the L-BCAA group had higher concentration of serum leptin (P?<?0.05), while the H-BCAA group had lower concentration of serum adiponectin (P?<?0.05). Fatty acid synthesis in pigs from the H-BCAA group was lower than those from the N-BCAA group with the down-regulation of lipogenic genes (ACACA, FASN, PPAR-r, SREBP-1c in ventral and dorsal fat, SREBP-1c in liver) and up-regulation of lipolysis genes (HSL, ATGL, CPT-1A, FABP4 in ventral fat, HSL in liver) (P?<?0.05). Similarly, fatty acid synthesis in pigs from the L-BCAA group was also lower than those from the N-BCAA group with the decrease of lipogenic genes (ACACA in ventral, ACACA and FASN in dorsal fat, ACACA, FASN, SREBP-1c in liver) and the increase of lipolysis genes (ATGL, CPT-1A CD36, FABP4 in ventral fat and HSL, ATGL, CPT-1A in dorsal fat, CPT-1A) (P?<?0.05). Feeding H-BCAA diet significantly reduced total m6A levels in ventral and dorsal fat and liver tissues (P?<?0.05). The decrease of total m6A is associated with down-regulation of METTL3, METTL14 and FTO in dorsal fat and METTL3 and FTO in liver (P?<?0.05). Decreased m6A modification of ACACA and FASN in ventral and dorsal adipose tissues was observed in pig fed with excessive BCAA. Conclusion:These results suggest that insufficient or excessive BCAA decreased the fat deposition by increasing lipolysis and deceasing lipogenesis in adipose and liver tissues. Dietary excessive BCAA might regulate the process of lipid metabolism partly through the m6A RNA methylation.

Project description:Early-life antibiotic exposure is associated with diverse long-term adverse health outcomes. Despite the immunomodulatory effects of gastrointestinal fungi, the impact of antibiotics on the fungal community (mycobiome) has received little attention. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of commonly prescribed infant antibiotic treatments on the microbial loads and structures of bacterial and fungal communities in the gastrointestinal tract. Thirty-two piglets were divided into four treatment groups: amoxicillin (A), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AC), gentamicin-ampicillin (GA), and flavored placebo (P). Antibiotics were administered orally starting on postnatal day (PND) 1 until PND 8, except for GA, which was given on PNDs 5 and 6 intramuscularly. Fecal swabs were collected from piglets on PNDs 3 and 8, and sow feces were collected 1 day after farrowing. The impacts of antibiotics on bacterial and fungal communities were assessed by sequencing the 16S rRNA and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rRNA genes, respectively, and quantitative PCR was performed to determine total bacterial and fungal loads. Antibiotics did not alter the α-diversity (P = 0.834) or β-diversity (P = 0.565) of fungal communities on PND 8. AC increased the ratio of total fungal/total bacterial loads on PND 8 (P = 0.027). There was strong clustering of piglets by litter on PND 8 (P < 0.001), which corresponded to significant differences in the sow mycobiome, especially the presence of Kazachstania slooffiae. In summary, we observed a strong litter effect and showed that the maternal mycobiome is essential for shaping the piglet mycobiome in early life. IMPORTANCE This work provides evidence that although the fungal community composition is not altered by antibiotics, the overall fungal load increases with the administration of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Additionally, we show that the maternal fungal community is important in establishing the fungal community in piglets.

Dataset Information

Maternal heat stress regulates the early fat deposition partly through modification of m6A RNA methylation in neonatal piglets.

Publications

Maternal heat stress regulates the early fat deposition partly through modification of m<sup>6</sup>A RNA methylation in neonatal piglets.

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