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The association between self-rated health and underlying biomarker levels is modified by age, gender, and household income: Evidence from Understanding Society - The UK Household Longitudinal Study.

ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to evaluate how self-rated health (SRH) and objective measures of health (biomarkers) are associated, and if this association varies by gender, age, and socioeconomic position (measured by household income). Data come from the UK Household Longitudinal Study nurse visit (2010-2012), including a representative sample of adults in Great Britain (N?=?15?687 maximum sample). SRH was assessed by the question "In general, would you say your health is excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?" and dichotomized into good or poor. Indices were created for four biomarker categories based on the aspects of health they are likely to reflect, including visible weigh-related, fitness, fatigue, and disease risk biomarkers. Logistic regression models were run with SRH as the outcome and each biomarker index as a predictor, adjusting by gender, age, and income. Further, interaction terms between each biomarker index and gender, age, and income (independently) were added to test for effect modification. All biomarker indices were associated with SRH in expected directions, with the fitness index most strongly predicting SRH. Gender, age, or income modified the associations between SRH and all biomarker indices to different extents. The association between the visible weight-related biomarker index (including body mass/fat variables) and SRH was stronger for women than men and for those in higher income groups than lower income groups. Income also modified the association between SRH and the fitness biomarker index, whereas age modified the association between SRH and the fatigue biomarker index. When using SRH to investigate health inequalities, researchers and policy makers should be clear that different social groups may systematically consider different dimensions of health when reporting their SRH.

SUBMITTER: Chaparro MP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6527907 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The association between self-rated health and underlying biomarker levels is modified by age, gender, and household income: Evidence from Understanding Society - The UK Household Longitudinal Study.

Chaparro M Pia MP Hughes Amanda A Kumari Meena M Benzeval Michaela M

SSM - population health 20190508

The goal of this study was to evaluate how self-rated health (SRH) and objective measures of health (biomarkers) are associated, and if this association varies by gender, age, and socioeconomic position (measured by household income). Data come from the UK Household Longitudinal Study nurse visit (2010-2012), including a representative sample of adults in Great Britain (N = 15 687 maximum sample). SRH was assessed by the question <i>"In general, would you say your health is excellent, very good, ...[more]

PMID: 31193358

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Project description:BackgroundHypertension may be influenced by multiple factors, including social and individual determinants. Regional and individual economic disparity in China is closely associated with such factors that may give rise to diverse health outcomes. This study examines the relationship between regional economic development, household income, gender and hypertension prevalence in China.MethodsThis study utilized data from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), a population-based study on half a million Chinese adults from 10 geographically distinct regions. Hypertension was identified by a measured systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure???140/90?mmHg or receiving treatment. Regional economic development was inferred from GDP per capita at the time of the study. A logistic regression based method was used in calculating the prevalence of hypertension in different household income, regional economic development, and gender groups, adjusting for demographic, social-economic and lifestyle factors.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension was the lowest in the medium GDP per capita areas in both male (31.62, 95% CI: 31.26-31.98%) and female (22.85, 95% CI: 22.50-23.19%) as compared to that in the low GDP per capita regions (male: 32.75, 95% CI 32.41-33.08%; female: 32.12, 95% CI: 31.78-32.47%) and high GDP per capita areas (male: 39.74, 95% CI: 39.33-40.16%; female: 35.19, 95% CI: 34.74-35.65%). There was an inverse relationship between hypertension and household income in the low and high GDP areas and an U-shaped association in the medium GDP per capita areas. Higher hypertension prevalence was observed in males across all GDP per capita areas. The negative correlation between hypertension and household income (across all GDP per captia areas) was stronger in females than in males.ConclusionsThe present study underlined the important influence of regional economic development, household income and gender on hypertension. Interventions for hypertension prevention and management should take into consideration the influence of sex difference and socioeconomic disparities at both micro- and macro- levels, in addition to a person-centered approach.

Dataset Information

The association between self-rated health and underlying biomarker levels is modified by age, gender, and household income: Evidence from Understanding Society - The UK Household Longitudinal Study.

Publications

The association between self-rated health and underlying biomarker levels is modified by age, gender, and household income: Evidence from Understanding Society - The UK Household Longitudinal Study.

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