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Open-label study to evaluate trifluridine/tipiracil safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in patients with advanced solid tumours and hepatic impairment.

ABSTRACT: AIMS:Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) prolongs survival in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer, but limited data exist on its use in patients with hepatic impairment. This Phase I, open-label, nonrandomized study investigated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of FTD/TPI in patients with advanced solid tumours (except breast cancer) and varying degrees of hepatic impairment, to provide dosing recommendations. METHODS:Patients aged ?18 years with advanced solid tumours and normal hepatic function, or mild, moderate or severe hepatic impairment according to National Cancer Institute criteria, were planned to be enrolled. Patients received FTD/TPI 35 mg/m2 orally twice daily on days 1-5 and 8-12 of each 28-day cycle. RESULTS:Twenty-four patients were enrolled to the normal hepatic function (n = 8) and mild (n = 10) and moderate (n = 6) hepatic impairment cohorts. Overall, 12 patients (50.0%) had at least 1 adverse event leading to study discontinuation. In the moderate hepatic impairment cohort, 5 of 6 patients experienced grade ? 3 elevation in bilirubin. No patients with severe hepatic impairment were enrolled. FTD area under the curve at steady state decreased by 18% and 22% in the mild and moderate cohorts, respectively; however, no clear change was observed in TPI area under the curve. CONCLUSIONS:FTD/TPI can be safely administered in patients with normal hepatic function and mild hepatic impairment, with no initial dose adjustment. FTD/TPI is not recommended for use in patients with moderate hepatic impairment because of findings of grade 3 or 4 increased blood bilirubin. Therefore, FTD/TPI is not recommended for patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment.

SUBMITTER: Saif MW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6533429 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Purpose:Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is approved in Japan, the United States (US), and Europe for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) refractory to standard therapies. This Phase 1b open-label study focused on the pharmacokinetic (PK) and toxicity profiles of FTD/TPI in Chinese patients with solid tumors. Methods:Patients with definitive histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced/metastatic solid tumors refractory to standard treatments were enrolled. FTD/TPI (35 mg/m2) was administered orally twice daily for five consecutive days, followed by a 2-day recovery. Treatment was repeated for five consecutive days, followed by a 16-day recovery. The primary objective was to assess PK characteristics of FTD, 5-trifluoromethyl-2,4 (1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (FTY; an inactive form of FTD), and TPI, calculated from plasma concentrations. Additionally, these PK values were compared with those from similar Phase 1 studies in patients from Japan and the US, using Tukey-Kramer's honestly significant difference (HSD) multiple comparison tests. Safety and preliminary efficacy of FTD/TPI were assessed. Results:Fifteen patients (12 males, three females) were enrolled, most with CRC (87%). Geometric mean analysis showed that maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of FTD increased after multiple administration (from day 1 [3019.5 ng/mL] to day 12 [3693.1 ng/mL]), and the exposure (AUC0-t) increased 2.4-fold (day 1:7796.6 ng/mL•h; day 12:18,181.3 ng/mL•h). There was no meaningful change in the exposure to FTY and TPI throughout the study. HSD tests showed comparable PK for FTD, FTY, and TPI between Chinese and Japanese patients, and comparable exposure to FTD between Chinese and US patients. Eight patients (53.3%) experienced Grade 3 treatment-emergent adverse events, most frequently anemia and fatigue (13.3%, two events each). Median progression-free survival was 1.9 months. Conclusion:FTD/TPI had an acceptable safety and efficacy profile and PK characteristics were comparable between Chinese, Japanese, and US patients, suggesting that this treatment may be suitable for Chinese patients with refractory mCRC. Trial Registration:This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02261532.

Project description:AimsTo investigate whether the pharmacokinetic characteristics of semaglutide were altered in people with hepatic impairment, assessed using Child-Pugh criteria, vs those with normal hepatic function.MethodsIn this multicentre, open-label, parallel-group trial (sponsor Novo Nordisk, ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02210871), four groups of participants with normal hepatic function (n = 19) or mild (n = 8), moderate (n = 10) or severe (n = 7) hepatic impairment received a single, subcutaneous dose of 0.5 mg semaglutide. Semaglutide plasma concentrations were assessed frequently for 35 days after dosing. The primary endpoint was area under the semaglutide plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞ ). No effect of hepatic impairment was declared if the 90% confidence interval (CI) for the between-group ratio (hepatic impairment/normal function) was within the interval 0.70 to 1.43.ResultsSemaglutide exposure was similar across all groups, with AUC0-∞ treatment ratios for mild impairment/normal function of 0.95 (90% CI 0.77, 1.16), moderate impairment/normal function 1.02 (90% CI 0.93, 1.12), and severe impairment/normal function 0.97 (90% CI 0.84, 1.12). The maximum plasma semaglutide concentration (Cmax ) did not appear to be influenced by hepatic function, with mild impairment/normal function treatment ratios of 0.99 (90% CI 0.80, 1.23), moderate impairment/normal function 1.02 (90% CI 0.88, 1.18) and severe impairment/normal function 1.15 (90% CI 0.89, 1.48; sensitivity analysis excluding one extreme semaglutide concentration: 1.05 [90% CI 0.88, 1.25]). In all, 10 participants reported 12 mild or moderate non-serious adverse events. No unexpected safety or tolerability issues were observed.ConclusionsSemaglutide exposure did not appear to be affected by hepatic impairment, suggesting that dose adjustment may not be necessary in patients with hepatic impairment. Semaglutide was well tolerated and there were no unexpected safety issues.

Project description:BackgroundZibotentan (ZD4054) is a specific endothelin A (ETA) receptor antagonist being investigated for the treatment of prostate cancer. As zibotentan is eliminated by renal and metabolic routes, clearance may be reduced in patients with hepatic or renal impairment, leading to greater drug exposure.MethodsOpen-label studies investigated the PK and tolerability of zibotentan in subjects with hepatic or renal impairment, compared with those with normal organ function. In the hepatic and renal studies, respectively, subjects were divided into categories using Child-Pugh classification or 24-hour urine creatinine clearance (mild, moderate, or severe impairment and normal function). Each subject received a single oral dose of zibotentan 10 mg and PK sampling was undertaken. Within the hepatic study, AUC and Cmax were expressed as the ratio of geometric means and 90% CI for each impairment group compared with the normal function group. The possibility that hepatic impairment had a clinically relevant effect on exposure was considered if the upper 90% CI for the ratio exceeded 2. In the renal study, AUC, Cmax and t1/2 were analyzed using linear regression fitting effects for creatinine clearance and age.ResultsIn the hepatic and renal studies respectively, 32 subjects (eight per group) and 48 subjects received treatment (n = 18 normal, n = 12 mild, n = 9 moderate, n = 9 severe). Zibotentan Cmax was not significantly affected by hepatic or renal impairment. Compared with the normal function group, zibotentan AUC was 40% (1.40; 90% CI 0.91-2.17), 45% (1.45; 90% CI 0.94-2.24) and 190% (2.90; 90% CI 1.88-4.49) higher in subjects with mild, moderate and severe hepatic impairment, respectively, and 66% (1.66; 90% CI 1.38-1.99), 89% (1.89; 90% CI 1.50-2.39) and 117% (2.17; 90% CI 1.64-2.86) higher in subjects with mild, moderate and severe renal impairment, respectively. In both studies mean t1/2 increased and zibotentan clearance decreased with the degree of impairment. Headache was the most common AE in all groups.ConclusionsZibotentan absorption was unchanged, however, exposure was higher in subjects with hepatic or renal impairment due to slower clearance. This increased exposure did not result in differences in the range or severity of AEs observed.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00672581 and AstraZeneca study number D4320C00016 (renal trial; conducted in Germany).

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Open-label study to evaluate trifluridine/tipiracil safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in patients with advanced solid tumours and hepatic impairment.

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