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Biofertilizers regulate the soil microbial community and enhance Panax ginseng yields.

ABSTRACT: Background:Panax ginseng is widely used as functional food and traditional Chinese medicine. To satisfy the market supply and medication safety, biofertilizers are used as agents to stimulate the growth and production of P. ginseng. Methods:In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to analyze microbial community in soils treated with biofertilizers during the development stages of P. ginseng. Ginsenoside content was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis to evaluate the effects of biofertilizer application. Results:In this study, the incidence rate of P. ginseng root rot significantly declined by 40.3-47.3% after application of disease-biocontrol biofertilizers. Bacterial diversity showed increasing trends in soils treated with 3.0-4.5 ml kg-1 of disease-biocontrol biofertilizers compared with those in untreated soils. Principal coordinate analysis ordination revealed that bacterial communities were changed by biofertilizers depending on their application concentration. Relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacterial agents, such as Bacillus, Burkholderia, Rhizobium, Streptomyces, and Mycobacterium, significantly increased compared with that in control. Fusarium of low abundance observed in soils treated with biofertilizers compared with that in untreated soils. P. ginseng yield was enhanced by 17.0-19.1%, and ginsenoside (Rg1 and Rb1) contents were improved after biofertilizer application. Conclusions:Our results reveal that biofertilizers reduced the incidence rate of root rot, increased bacterial diversity, promoted the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacterial taxa, decreased the abundance of potentially harmful bacterial agents, and then enhanced the yield and quality of P. ginseng.

SUBMITTER: Dong L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6533694 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biofertilizers regulate the soil microbial community and enhance <i>Panax ginseng</i> yields.

Dong Linlin L Li Yong Y Xu Jiang J Yang Juan J Wei Guangfei G Shen Liang L Ding Wanlong W Chen Shilin S

Chinese medicine 20190523

<h4>Background</h4><i>Panax ginseng</i> is widely used as functional food and traditional Chinese medicine. To satisfy the market supply and medication safety, biofertilizers are used as agents to stimulate the growth and production of <i>P</i>. <i>ginseng</i>.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to analyze microbial community in soils treated with biofertilizers during the development stages of <i>P</i>. <i>ginseng</i>. Gin ...[more]

PMID: 31143242

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Project description:Panax ginseng Meyer, a valuable medicinal plant, is severely threatened by rusty root, a condition that greatly affects its yield and quality. Studies investigating the relationship between soil microbial community composition and rusty roots are vital for the production of high-quality ginseng. Here, high-throughput sequencing was employed to systematically characterize changes in the soil microbial community associated with rusty roots. Fungal diversity was lower in the soils of rusty root-affected P. ginseng than in those of healthy plants. Importantly, principal coordinate analysis separated the fungal communities in the rhizosphere soils of rusty root-affected ginseng from those of healthy plants. The dominant bacterial and fungal genera differed significantly between rhizosphere soils of healthy and rusty root-affected P. ginseng, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) further indicated a strong imbalance in the soil microbial community of diseased plants. Significantly enriched bacterial genera (including Rhodomicrobium, Knoellia, Nakamurella, Asticcacaulis, and Actinomadura) were mainly detected in the soil of rusty root-affected P. ginseng, whereas significantly enriched fungal genera (including Xenopolyscytalum, Arthrobotrys, Chalara, Cryptococcus, and Scutellinia) were primarily detected in the soil of healthy plants. Importantly, five fungal genera (Cylindrocarpon, Acrophialophora, Alternaria, Doratomyces, and Fusarium) were significantly enriched in the soil of rusty root-affected plants compared with that of healthy plants, suggesting that an increase in the relative abundance of these pathogenic fungi (Cylindrocarpon, Alternaria, and Fusarium) may be associated with ginseng rusty roots. Additionally, this study is the first to report that an increase in the relative abundances of Acrophialophora and Doratomyces in the rhizosphere of P. ginseng may be associated with the onset of rusty root symptoms in this plant. Our findings provide potentially useful information for developing biological control strategies against rusty root, as well as scope for future screening of fungal pathogens in rusty roots of P. ginseng.

Project description:IntroductionGinseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has multiple effects on human health; however, soil degradation seriously affects its yield. Trichoderma spp. play an important role in improving plant biomass by influencing the soil environment. Therefore, it is necessary to screen efficient Trichoderma strains that can increase ginseng biomass and determine their mechanisms.MethodsHerein, we selected six Trichoderma species (T. brevicompactum, T. velutinum, T. viridescens, T. atroviride, T. koningiopsis, and T. saturnisporum) isolated from ginseng rhizosphere soil, and evaluated their growth promoting effects on ginseng and their influence on the microbiome and chemical attributes of the ginseng rhizosphere soil.ResultsExcept for T. saturnisporum (F), compared with the control, the other five species increased ginseng biomass. In terms of chemical properties, the pH value, available potassium content, and available phosphorus content in the ginseng rhizosphere soil increased by 1.16-5.85%, 0.16-14.03%, and 3.92-38.64%, respectively, after root irrigation with spores of Trichoderma species. For the soil microbiome, fungal Chao1 and Ace richness indices decreased. Application of Trichoderma enhanced the relative level of Proteobacteria, but reduced the relative level of Ascomycota. At the genus level, application of Trichoderma enhanced the relative levels of Sphingomonas, Blastomonas, and Trichoderma, but reduced the relative level of Fusarium. Available K and available P were the most important elements that affected the structure of the bacterial community, while total K was the most influential element for the structure of the fungal community structure.ConclusionThe results indicated that the application of Trichoderma spp. could increase soil nutrients and regulate the structure and composition of the soil microbial community, thereby enhancing the biomass of ginseng. The results will provide guidance for soil improvement in ginseng cultivation.

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Biofertilizers regulate the soil microbial community and enhance Panax ginseng yields.

Publications

Biofertilizers regulate the soil microbial community and enhance <i>Panax ginseng</i> yields.

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