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Faulty oxygen sensing disrupts angiomotin function in trophoblast cell migration and predisposes to preeclampsia.

ABSTRACT: Human placenta development and a successful pregnancy is incumbent upon precise oxygen-dependent control of trophoblast migration/invasion. Persistent low oxygen leading to failed trophoblast invasion promotes inadequate spiral artery remodeling, a characteristic of preeclampsia. Angiomotin (AMOT) is a multifaceted scaffolding protein involved in cell polarity and migration, yet its upstream regulation and significance in the human placenta remain unknown. Herein, we show that AMOT is primarily expressed in migratory extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) of the intermediate and distal anchoring column. Its expression increases after 10 weeks of gestation when oxygen tension rises and EVT migration/invasion peaks. Time-lapse imaging confirmed that the AMOT 80-kDa isoform promotes migration of trophoblastic JEG3 and HTR-8/SVneo cells. In preeclampsia, however, AMOT expression is decreased and its localization to migratory fetomaternal interface EVTs is disrupted. We demonstrate that Jumonji C domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6), an oxygen sensor, positively regulates AMOT via oxygen-dependent lysyl hydroxylation. Furthermore, in vitro and ex vivo studies show that transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?) regulates AMOT expression, its interaction with polarity protein PAR6, and its subcellular redistribution from tight junctions to cytoskeleton. Our data reveal an oxygen- and TGF-?-driven migratory function for AMOT in the human placenta, and implicate its deficiency in impaired trophoblast migration that plagues preeclampsia.

SUBMITTER: Farrell A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6538363 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Preeclampsia (PE) is a common cause of maternal morbidity, characterized by impaired trophoblast invasion and spiral artery transformation resulting in progressive uteroplacental hypoxia. Given the primary role of LIN28A and LIN28B in modulating cell metabolism, differentiation, and invasion, we hypothesized that LIN28A and/or LIN28B regulates trophoblast differentiation and invasion, and that its dysregulation may contribute to PE. Here we show that LIN28B is expressed ∼1300-fold higher than LIN28A in human term placenta and is the predominant paralog expressed in primary human trophoblast cultures. The expression of LIN28B mRNA and protein levels are significantly reduced in gestational age-matched preeclamptic vs. normal placentas, whereas LIN28A expression is not different. First trimester human placental sections displayed stronger LIN28B immunoreactivity in extravillous (invasive) cytotrophoblasts and syncytial sprouts vs. villous trophoblasts. LIN28B overexpression increased HTR8 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas LIN28B knockdown in JEG3 cells reduced cell proliferation. Moreover, LIN28B knockdown in JEG3 cells suppressed syncytin 1 (SYN-1), apelin receptor early endogenous ligand (ELABELA), and the chromosome 19 microRNA cluster, and increased mRNA expression of ITGβ4 and TNF-α. Incubation of BeWo and JEG3 cells under hypoxia significantly decreased expression of LIN28B and LIN28A, SYN-1, and ELABELA, whereas TNF-α is increased. These results provide the first evidence that LIN28B is the predominant paralog in human placenta and that decreased LIN28B may play a role in PE by reducing trophoblast invasion and syncytialization, and by promoting inflammation.-Canfield, J., Arlier, S., Mong, E. F., Lockhart, J., VanWye, J., Guzeloglu-Kayisli, O., Schatz, F., Magness, R. R., Lockwood, C. J., Tsibris, J. C. M., Kayisli, U. A., Totary-Jain, H. Decreased LIN28B in preeclampsia impairs human trophoblast differentiation and migration.

Project description:BackgroundRecent studies have shown that the abnormal expression of long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can significantly affect the biological function of trophoblast cells and lead to the occurrence of preeclampsia (PE). This study explores the expression of lncRNA LINC00922 in PE and its effect on the function of placental trophoblast cells, along with the corresponding molecular mechanism, providing a theoretical basis and molecular target for understanding the occurrence, early diagnosis, and targeted therapy of PE.MethodsFluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of LINC00922 in 30 cases of PE tissues and normal tissues. The CCK-8 assay, clone formation experiment, and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of LINC00922 knockdown or overexpression on the proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle of HTR-8/SVneo placental trophoblast cells. The Transwell assay was used to detect the effects of LINC00922 knockdown or overexpression on the invasion and migration of HTR 8/SVneo cells, and western blot was used to detect the expression of cell cycle-related proteins and invasion and migration-related proteins.ResultsLINC00922 was highly expressed in PE tissues. Knockdown of LINC00922 significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells, along with colony formation and the ability to induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. However, overexpression of LINC00922 had the opposite effect. Knockdown or overexpression of LINC00922 significantly affected the expression of cell cycle-related proteins cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (Cyclin D1), p21, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), vimentin, and E-cadherin, but had no significant effect on the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2).ConclusionsLINC00922 was highly expressed in PE, and functional experiments showed that LINC00922 could significantly affect the proliferation and invasion abilities of placental trophoblast cells, suggesting that LINC00922 may play an important role in the occurrence, early diagnosis, and treatment of PE.

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Faulty oxygen sensing disrupts angiomotin function in trophoblast cell migration and predisposes to preeclampsia.

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