Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Michels da Silva D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6540104 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Michels da Silva Diana D Langer Harald H Graf Tobias T
International journal of molecular sciences 20190510 9
Elevated pro-inflammatory biomarkers and cytokines are associated with morbidity and mortality in heart failure (HF). Preclinical and clinical studies have shown multiple inflammatory mechanisms causing cardiac remodeling, dysfunction and chronic failure. Therapeutics in trials targeting the immune response in heart failure and its effects did not result in evident benefits regarding clinical endpoints and mortality. This review elaborates pathways of immune cytokines in pathogenesis and worseni ...[more]