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Stop, think, reflect, realize-first-time mothers' views on taking part in longitudinal maternal health research.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Longitudinal cohort studies gather large amounts of data over time, often without direct benefit to participants. A positive experience may encourage retention in the study, and participants may benefit in unanticipated ways. OBJECTIVE:To explore first-time mothers' experiences of taking part in a longitudinal cohort study and completing self-administered surveys during pregnancy and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months' postpartum. DESIGN:Content analysis of comments written by participants in the Maternal health And Maternal Morbidity in Ireland study's five self-completion surveys, a multisite cohort study exploring women's health and health problems during and after pregnancy. This paper focuses on what women wrote about taking part in the research. Ethical approval was granted by the site hospitals and university. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:A total of 2174 women were recruited from two maternity hospitals in Ireland between 2012 and 2015. FINDINGS:A total of 1000 comments were made in the five surveys. Antenatally, barriers related to surveys being long and questions being intimate. Postpartum, barriers related to being busy with life as first-time mothers. Benefits gained included gaining access to information, taking time to reflect, stopping to think and being prompted to seek help. Survey questions alone were described as valuable sources of information. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS:Findings suggest that survey research can "give back" to women by being a source of information and a trigger to seek professional help, even while asking sensitive questions. Understanding this can help researchers construct surveys to maximize benefits, real and potential, for participants.

SUBMITTER: Daly D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6543136 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Stop, think, reflect, realize-first-time mothers' views on taking part in longitudinal maternal health research.

Daly Deirdre D Carroll Margaret M Barros Monalisa M Begley Cecily C

Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy 20190221 3

<h4>Background</h4>Longitudinal cohort studies gather large amounts of data over time, often without direct benefit to participants. A positive experience may encourage retention in the study, and participants may benefit in unanticipated ways.<h4>Objective</h4>To explore first-time mothers' experiences of taking part in a longitudinal cohort study and completing self-administered surveys during pregnancy and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months' postpartum.<h4>Design</h4>Content analysis of comments writte ...[more]

PMID: 30793449

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Project description:BACKGROUND: When our PC goes on strike again we tend to curse it as if it were a human being. Why and under which circumstances do we attribute human-like properties to machines? Although humans increasingly interact directly with machines it remains unclear whether humans implicitly attribute intentions to them and, if so, whether such interactions resemble human-human interactions on a neural level. In social cognitive neuroscience the ability to attribute intentions and desires to others is being referred to as having a Theory of Mind (ToM). With the present study we investigated whether an increase of human-likeness of interaction partners modulates the participants' ToM associated cortical activity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: By means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (subjects n = 20) we investigated cortical activity modulation during highly interactive human-robot game. Increasing degrees of human-likeness for the game partner were introduced by means of a computer partner, a functional robot, an anthropomorphic robot and a human partner. The classical iterated prisoner's dilemma game was applied as experimental task which allowed for an implicit detection of ToM associated cortical activity. During the experiment participants always played against a random sequence unknowingly to them. Irrespective of the surmised interaction partners' responses participants indicated having experienced more fun and competition in the interaction with increasing human-like features of their partners. Parametric modulation of the functional imaging data revealed a highly significant linear increase of cortical activity in the medial frontal cortex as well as in the right temporo-parietal junction in correspondence with the increase of human-likeness of the interaction partner (computer<functional robot<anthropomorphic robot<human). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Both regions correlating with the degree of human-likeness, the medial frontal cortex and the right temporo-parietal junction, have been associated with Theory-of-Mind. The results demonstrate that the tendency to build a model of another's mind linearly increases with its perceived human-likeness. Moreover, the present data provides first evidence of a contribution of higher human cognitive functions such as ToM in direct interactions with artificial robots. Our results shed light on the long-lasting psychological and philosophical debate regarding human-machine interaction and the question of what makes humans being perceived as human.

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Project description:ObjectiveThe World Maternal Antifibrinolytic (WOMAN) Trial was the first in the UK to use the option of waiver of informed consent at the time of an obstetric emergency. This qualitative study aimed to investigate participants' views of the acceptability of the recruitment methods used.DesignQualitative study using in-depth interviews with women who did and did not give consent at the time of their recruitment to the WOMAN Trial.SettingHighest UK recruitment site for the WOMAN Trial (129/569). Interviews were conducted in participants' homes.PopulationAbout 40 of the 129 women who were recruited to the WOMAN Trial at one UK site were invited to take part, 15 women were interviewed.MethodsQualitative, interview study.Main outcome measuresFacilitators and barriers to successful recruitment during obstetric emergencies. Guidance for future researchers.ResultsFindings revealed that what is important is not so much the consent process used or a signature on a form, but the way in which consent is obtained. Clinicians who successfully negotiate consent to research during childbirth emergencies engage in a 'humane choreography' of words and actions. This emphasises the importance of prompt decision-making and treatment, while respecting the woman's personal situation and experience.ConclusionsOur findings do not support a single pathway to consent in the context of an obstetric emergency. Women understand that consent to research in an emergency is complex. Clinicians' skills in considering the clinical, ethical, and emotional aspects within the context of the clinical emergency can hamper or promote women's satisfaction.Tweetable abstractStudy reports on women's views of consent to research in an obstetric emergency.Plain language summaryWhy and how was the study carried out? We undertook this study to find out what women thought about being included in a research study called the WOMAN Trial at the time they were being treated for heavy bleeding after giving birth. Some women had been asked if they wanted to be a part of the research at the time they were bleeding. Others were asked later, after they had recovered. We conducted interviews with 15 women who had been involved and asked what they thought about the way they had been asked, their preferences and ideas for improvements in future similar studies What were the main findings? Women understood how difficult it was for their doctors and midwives to ask them about the research study. They were pleased to have been included in the research and were mostly happy with the way they gave consent. Women's views were similar whether they were asked about the research at the time of the bleeding or after they had recovered. The most important thing was that doctors and midwives carefully thought about the situation the woman found herself in and how this might make her feel, so they could tailor their approach accordingly. What are the limitations of the work? This study only involved women from one hospital. The WOMAN Trial included women from many areas of the UK and other countries around the world. We do not know how their experiences or views may differ. What is the implication for professionals? Careful use of actions and words by birth attendants was the difference between a good or bad experience for the woman and her family. This is an important skill that could be developed as part of professional training.

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Stop, think, reflect, realize-first-time mothers' views on taking part in longitudinal maternal health research.

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Stop, think, reflect, realize-first-time mothers' views on taking part in longitudinal maternal health research.

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