Genome Sequence of a Jumbo Bacteriophage That Infects the Kiwifruit Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae.
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SUBMITTER: Wojtus JK
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6544186 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is an economically significant pathogen responsible for severe bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.). Bacteriophages infecting this phytopathogen have potential as biocontrol agents as part of an integrated approach to the management of bacterial canker, and for use as molecular tools to study this bacterium. A variety of bacteriophages were previously isolated that infect P. syringae pv. actinidiae, and their basic properties were characterized to provide a framework for formulation of these phages as biocontrol agents. Here, we have examined in more detail φPsa17, a phage with the capacity to infect a broad range of P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains and the only member of the Podoviridae in this collection. Particle morphology was visualized using cryo-electron microscopy, the genome was sequenced, and its structural proteins were analysed using shotgun proteomics. These studies demonstrated that φPsa17 has a 40,525 bp genome, is a member of the T7likevirus genus and is closely related to the pseudomonad phages φPSA2 and gh-1. Eleven structural proteins (one scaffolding) were detected by proteomics and φPsa17 has a capsid of approximately 60 nm in diameter. No genes indicative of a lysogenic lifecycle were identified, suggesting the phage is obligately lytic. These features indicate that φPsa17 may be suitable for formulation as a biocontrol agent of P. syringae pv. actinidiae.
| S-EPMC4517105 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is a reemerging pathogen which causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.). Since 2008, a global outbreak of P. syringae pv. actinidiae has occurred, and in 2010 this pathogen was detected in New Zealand. The economic impact and the development of resistance in P. syringae pv. actinidiae and other pathovars against antibiotics and copper sprays have led to a search for alternative management strategies. We isolated 275 phages, 258 of which were active against P. syringae pv. actinidiae. Extensive host range testing on P. syringae pv. actinidiae, other pseudomonads, and bacteria isolated from kiwifruit orchards showed that most phages have a narrow host range. Twenty-four were analyzed by electron microscopy, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, and restriction digestion. Their suitability for biocontrol was tested by assessing stability and the absence of lysogeny and transduction. A detailed host range was performed, phage-resistant bacteria were isolated, and resistance to other phages was examined. The phages belonged to the Caudovirales and were analyzed based on morphology and genome size, which showed them to be representatives of Myoviridae, Podoviridae, and Siphoviridae. Twenty-one Myoviridae members have similar morphologies and genome sizes yet differ in restriction patterns, host range, and resistance, indicating a closely related group. Nine of these Myoviridae members were sequenced, and each was unique. The most closely related sequenced phages were a group infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and characterized by phages JG004 and PAK_P1. In summary, this study reports the isolation and characterization of P. syringae pv. actinidiae phages and provides a framework for the intelligent formulation of phage biocontrol agents against kiwifruit bacterial canker.
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Project description:Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, a disease that has rapidly spread worldwide. We have fully sequenced and assembled the chromosomal and plasmid DNA from P. syringae pv. actinidiae ICMP 18884 using the PacBio RS II platform.
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Project description:Over the last several decades, kiwifruit production has been severely damaged by the bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), resulting in severe economic losses worldwide. Currently, copper bactericides and antibiotics are the main tools used to control this bacterial disease. However, their use is becoming increasingly ineffective due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. In addition, environmental issues and the changes in the composition of soil bacterial communities are also concerning when using these substances. Although biocontrol methods have shown promising antibacterial effects on Psa infection under in vitro conditions, the efficiency of antagonistic bacteria and fungi when deployed under field conditions remains unclear. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a phage-based biocontrol strategy for this bacterial pathogen. Due to the specificity of the target bacteria and for the benefit of the environment, bacteriophages (phages) have been widely regarded as promising biological agents to control plant, animal, and human bacterial diseases. An increasing number of studies focus on the use of phages for the control of plant diseases, including the kiwifruit bacterial canker. In this review, we first introduce the characteristics of the Psa-induced kiwifruit canker, followed by a description of the diversity and virulence of Psa strains. The main focus of the review is the description of recent advances in the isolation of Psa phages and their characterization, including morphology, host range, lytic activity, genome characterization, and lysis mechanism, but we also describe the biocontrol strategies together with potential challenges introduced by abiotic factors, such as high temperature, extreme pH, and UV irradiation in kiwifruit orchards. The information presented in this review highlights the potential role of phages in controlling Psa infection to ensure plant protection.
| S-EPMC9785728 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Kiwifruit bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) has brought about a severe threat to the kiwifruit industry worldwide since its first outbreak in 2008. Studies on other pathovars of P. syringae are revealing the pathogenesis of these pathogens, but little about the mechanism of kiwifruit bacterial canker is known. In order to explore the species-specific interaction between Psa and kiwifruit, we analyzed the transcriptomic profile of kiwifruit infected by Psa. After 48 h, 8255 differentially expressed genes were identified, including those involved in metabolic process, secondary metabolites metabolism and plant response to stress. Genes related to biosynthesis of terpens were obviously regulated, indicating terpens may play roles in suppressing the growth of Psa. We identified 283 differentially expressed resistant genes, of which most U-box domain containing genes were obviously up regulated. Expression of genes involved in plant immunity was detected and some key genes showed differential expression. Our results suggest that Psa induced defense response of kiwifruit, including PAMP (pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns)-triggered immunity, effector-triggered immunity and hypersensitive response. Metabolic process was adjusted to adapt to these responses and production of secondary metabolites may be altered to suppress the growth of Psa.
| S-EPMC5855595 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We present the first complete genome sequence of a copper-resistant biovar 5 strain of a bacterial pathogen of kiwifruit, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. Comparison with the genome sequence of a copper-sensitive biovar 5 isolate indicates that copper resistance is encoded on a plasmid.
| S-EPMC5730677 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a destructive pathogen of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease, causing severe economic losses to kiwifruit industry worldwide. Biovar 5 is the most recently reported biovar of Psa, and is found in only a local area of Japan at present. There is not much information of genetic characteristics of biovar 5. Thus, the genome of biovar 5 was sequenced and analyzed to clarify its detailed genetic characteristics. Here, the genomes of strain MAFF 212056 and MAFF 212061 of biovar 5 were estimated to be about 6.3 Mbp and 6.5 Mbp, respectively, and their phylogenetic positions were proved to be near that of biovar 2 in the phylogenetic tree. However, it was confirmed that biovar 5 had neither the coronatine biosynthetic genes conserved in biovar 2, its phylogenetic neighbor, nor the phaseolotoxin biosynthetic genes conserved in biovar 1, Japanese native pathogen. In addition, 45 genes of type III secreted effectors were identified in biovar 5 genomes, showing that their composition is different from that in the other biovars. Moreover, some biovar 5-specific regions were identified. Then, biovar 5-specific PCR primers for targeting these regions were designed, and proved to be applicable for detecting biovar 5 specifically.
| S-EPMC4759546 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bacterial canker disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a devastating disease of kiwifruit, which is severely limiting the development of the kiwifruit industry. Ethylicin is a broad-spectrum plant biomimetic fungicide. However, its application in the control of kiwifruit bacterial canker is rarely reported, and the mechanism of ethylicin on Psa remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of ethylicin on Psa in vitro and in vivo and found that ethylicin can inhibit the growth of Psa and prevent the cankering in the plant stem. Mechanism investigation indicated that ethylicin acted by limiting the movement of Psa, destroying the cell membrane of Psa, and inhibiting the formation of Psa biofilm. In addition, it was also found through transcriptomics research that ethylicin can up-regulate the expression of genes related to protein export and biofilm formation-Pseudomonas aeruginosa and down-regulate the expression of genes related to flagellar assembly in Psa. This study concluded that ethylicin can effectively inhibit Psa growth, and it could help to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of ethylicin inhibiting Psa and provide practical data for the application of ethylicin as a highly potent agent for controlling the bacterial canker disease of kiwifruit.
| S-EPMC8067213 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a phytopathogen that causes canker in kiwifruit. Few conventional control methods are effective against this bacterium. Therefore, alternative approaches, such as phage therapy are warranted. In this study, a lytic bacteriophage (PN09) of Psa was isolated from surface water collected from a river in Hangzhou, China in 2019. Morphologically, PN09 was classified into the Myoviridae family, and could lyse all 29 Psa biovar 3 strains. The optimal temperature and pH ranges for PN09 activity were determined as 25 to 35 ∘C and 6.0 to 9.0, respectively. The complete genome of PN09 was found to be composed of a linear 99,229 bp double-stranded DNA genome with a GC content of 48.16%. The PN09 endolysin (LysPN09) was expressed in vitro and characterized. LysPN09 was predicted to belong to the Muraidase superfamily domain and showed lytic activity against the outer-membrane-permeabilized Psa strains. The lytic activity of LysPN09 was optimal over temperature and pH ranges of 25 to 40 ∘C and 6.0 to 8.0, respectively. When recombinant endolysin LysPN09 was combined with EDTA, Psa strains were effectively damaged. All these characteristics demonstrate that the phage PN09 and its endolysin, LysPN09, are potential candidates for biocontrol of Psa in the kiwifruit industry.
| S-EPMC8067700 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A jumbo bacteriophage, Xoo-sp14, infecting Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was isolated from rice fields in China. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this phage, revealing that it had a linear double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecule 232,104 bp long, with a G+C content of 58%. It has 251 annotated protein-coding sequences.
| S-EPMC7686423 | biostudies-literature