Dataset Information

Cross-diagnostic analysis of cognitive control in mental illness: Insights from the CNTRACS consortium.

ABSTRACT:

Background

In recent years, psychiatry research has increasingly focused on understanding mental illnesses from a cross-diagnostic, dimensional perspective in order to better align their neurocognitive features with underlying neurobiological mechanisms. In this multi-site study, we examined two measures of cognitive control (d-prime context and lapsing rate) during the Dot Probe Expectancy (DPX) version of the AX-Continuous Performance Task in patients with either schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SZ-A), or Type I bipolar disorder (BD) as well as healthy control (HC) subjects. We hypothesized significantly lower d-prime context and higher lapsing rate in SZ and SZ-A patients and intermediate levels in BD patients relative to HC.

Methods

72 HC, 84 SZ, 77 SZ-A, and 58 BD patients (ages 18-56) were included in the final study sample.

Results

Significant main effects of diagnosis were observed on d-prime context (F(3,279) = 9.59, p < 0.001) and lapsing (F(3,279) = 8.08, p < 0.001). A priori linear contrasts suggesting intermediate dysfunction in BD patients were significant (p < 0.001), although post-hoc tests showed the BD group was only significantly different from HC on d-prime context. Group results for d-prime context remained significant after covarying for lapsing rate. Primary behavioral measures were associated with mania and disorganization symptoms as well as everyday functioning.

Conclusions

These findings suggest a continuum of dysfunction in cognitive control (particularly d-prime context) across diagnostic categories in psychiatric illness. These results further suggest that lapsing and d-prime context, while related, make unique contributions towards explaining deficits in cognitive control in these disorders.

SUBMITTER: Smucny J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6544491 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Cross-diagnostic analysis of cognitive control in mental illness: Insights from the CNTRACS consortium.

Smucny Jason J Barch Deanna M DM Gold James M JM Strauss Milton E ME MacDonald Angus W AW Boudewyn Megan A MA Ragland J Daniel JD Silverstein Steven M SM Carter Cameron S CS

Schizophrenia research 20190128

<h4>Background</h4>In recent years, psychiatry research has increasingly focused on understanding mental illnesses from a cross-diagnostic, dimensional perspective in order to better align their neurocognitive features with underlying neurobiological mechanisms. In this multi-site study, we examined two measures of cognitive control (d-prime context and lapsing rate) during the Dot Probe Expectancy (DPX) version of the AX-Continuous Performance Task in patients with either schizophrenia (SZ), sc ...[more]

PMID: 30704863

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Dataset Information

Cross-diagnostic analysis of cognitive control in mental illness: Insights from the CNTRACS consortium.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Cross-diagnostic analysis of cognitive control in mental illness: Insights from the CNTRACS consortium.

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