Dataset Information

Overexpression of a glycogenin, CmGLG2, enhances floridean starch accumulation in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae.

ABSTRACT: Microalgae accumulate energy-reserved molecules, such as triacylglycerol and carbohydrates, which are suitable feedstocks for renewable energies such as biodiesel and bioethanol. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the microalgae accumulating these molecules require further elucidation. Recently, we have reported that the target of rapamycin (TOR)-signaling is a major pathway to regulate floridean starch synthesis by changing the phosphorylation status of CmGLG1, a glycogenin generally required for the initiation of starch/glycogen synthesis, in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. In the present study, we confirmed that another glycogenin, CmGLG2, is also involved in the floridean starch synthesis in this alga, since the CmGLG2 overexpression resulted in a two-fold higher floridean starch content in the cell. The results indicate that both glycogenin isoforms play an important role in floridean starch synthesis in C. merolae, and would be a potential target for improvement of floridean starch production in microalgae.

SUBMITTER: Pancha I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6546146 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Overexpression of a glycogenin, CmGLG2, enhances floridean starch accumulation in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae.

Pancha Imran I Tanaka Kan K Imamura Sousuke S

Plant signaling & behavior 20190402 6

Microalgae accumulate energy-reserved molecules, such as triacylglycerol and carbohydrates, which are suitable feedstocks for renewable energies such as biodiesel and bioethanol. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the microalgae accumulating these molecules require further elucidation. Recently, we have reported that the target of rapamycin (TOR)-signaling is a major pathway to regulate floridean starch synthesis by changing the phosphorylation status of CmGLG1, a glycogenin generally requ ...[more]

PMID: 30938572

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Project description:In many eukaryotes, cytokinesis proceeds in two successive steps: first, ingression of the cleavage furrow and second, abscission of the intercellular bridge. In animal cells, the actomyosin contractile ring is involved in the first step, while the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), which participates in various membrane fusion/fission events, mediates the second step. Intriguingly, in archaea, ESCRT is involved in cytokinesis, raising the hypothesis that the function of ESCRT in eukaryotic cytokinesis descended from the archaeal ancestor. In eukaryotes other than in animals, the roles of ESCRT in cytokinesis are poorly understood. To explore the primordial core mechanisms for eukaryotic cytokinesis, we investigated ESCRT functions in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae that diverged early in eukaryotic evolution. C. merolae provides an excellent experimental system. The cell has a simple organelle composition. The genome (16.5 Mb, 5335 genes) has been completely sequenced, transformation methods are established, and the cell cycle is synchronized by a light and dark cycle. Similar to animal and fungal cells, C. merolae cells divide by furrowing at the division site followed by abscission of the intercellular bridge. However, they lack an actomyosin contractile ring. The proteins that comprise ESCRT-I-IV, the four subcomplexes of ESCRT, are partially conserved in C. merolae. Immunofluorescence of native or tagged proteins localized the homologs of the five ESCRT-III components [charged multivesicular body protein (CHMP) 1, 2, and 4-6], apoptosis-linked gene-2-interacting protein X (ALIX), the ESCRT-III adapter, and the main ESCRT-IV player vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) 4, to the intercellular bridge. In addition, ALIX was enriched around the cleavage furrow early in cytokinesis. When the ESCRT function was perturbed by expressing dominant-negative VPS4, cells with an elongated intercellular bridge accumulated-a phenotype resulting from abscission failure. Our results show that ESCRT mediates cytokinetic abscission in C. merolae. The fact that ESCRT plays a role in cytokinesis in archaea, animals, and early diverged alga C. merolae supports the hypothesis that the function of ESCRT in cytokinesis descended from archaea to a common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Dataset Information

Overexpression of a glycogenin, CmGLG2, enhances floridean starch accumulation in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae.

Publications

Overexpression of a glycogenin, CmGLG2, enhances floridean starch accumulation in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae.

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