Dataset Information

Bugs in the system: bringing the human microbiome to bear in cancer immunotherapy.

ABSTRACT: The influence of the composition of the human microbiome on the efficacy of cancer directed immunotherapies, such as antibodies directed against the programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), has garnered increasing attention as the role of immunotherapies in the care of cancer has grown. Dysbiosis (altered microbiota) has recently been reported to adversely affect the efficacy of cancer directed immunotherapies, and correction of this dysbiosis has the potential to improve the efficacy of these treatments. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this relationship remains unknown. Current methods for characterizing the microbiome likely capture only a small portion of the highly complex interaction between the microbiome and the immune system. Here we discuss the recent reports of the influence of dysbiosis on cancer immunotherapy, methods to more fully characterize the interaction between the microbiome and the immune system, and methods of modulating the immune system to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

SUBMITTER: Strouse C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6546317 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Bugs in the system: bringing the human microbiome to bear in cancer immunotherapy.

Strouse Christopher C Mangalam Ashutosh A Zhang Jun J

Gut microbes 20180905 2

The influence of the composition of the human microbiome on the efficacy of cancer directed immunotherapies, such as antibodies directed against the programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), has garnered increasing attention as the role of immunotherapies in the care of cancer has grown. Dysbiosis (altered microbiota) has recently been reported to adversely affect the efficacy of cancer directed immunotherapies, and correction of this dysbiosis has the potential to improve th ...[more]

PMID: 30183502

Similar Datasets

Project description:We here report a study characterizing the potential for edible insects to act as a prebiotic by altering the bacterial composition of the human fecal microbiome, using batch cultures inoculated with fecal adult human donors. Black field cricket nymphs, grass grub larvae, and wax moth larvae were subjected to an in vitro digestion to simulate the oral, gastric, and small intestinal stages of digestion. The digested material was then dialyzed to remove small molecules such as amino acids and free sugars to simulate removal of nutrients through upper gastrointestinal tract digestion. The retentate, representing the digestion resistant constituents, was then fermented in fecal batch cultures for 4, 7, and 15 h to represent rapid and longer fermentation times. Batch cultures without any added substrates were also set up to act as controls. Additionally, phosphate-buffered saline was used as a no-protein control and milk powder as "standard" protein control. At the end of the incubation period, the bacterial pellets were collected for microbiome analysis by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Analysis of fecal cultures showed striking differences in community composition. Each substrate led to significant differences across a wide range of taxa compared to each other and PBS controls. Among the differences observed, digested grass grub larvae increased proportions of Faecalibacterium and the Prevotella 2 group. Black field crickets increased the prevalence of the Escherichia-Shigella group, Dialister genus, and a group of unclassified Lachnospiraceae. Wax moth larvae promoted the expansion of the same group of unclassified Lachnospiraceae and the Escherichia/Shigella group. The increased Faecalibacterium observed in the cultures with grass grub larvae represents a noteworthy finding as this bacterium is widely thought to be beneficial in nature, with demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties and associations with gut health. We conclude that insects can differentially modulate the microbiome composition in batch cultures inoculated with adult fecal material after simulated in vitro digestion. Although the physiological impact in vivo remains to be determined, this study provides sound scientific evidence that investigating the potential for consuming insects for gut health is warranted.

Dataset Information

Bugs in the system: bringing the human microbiome to bear in cancer immunotherapy.

Publications

Bugs in the system: bringing the human microbiome to bear in cancer immunotherapy.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets