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A risk model for addictive behaviors in adolescents: interactions between personality and learning.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND AND AIMS:To determine whether transdiagnostic risk, represented as elevations in one high-risk personality trait, interacts with behavior-specific risk, represented as elevated expectancies for reinforcement from either drinking or smoking, to account partly for early adolescent drinking and smoking behavior. DESIGN:Multiple regression analysis. SETTING:Twenty-three public schools in two school systems in the United States. PARTICIPANTS:A sample of 1897 adolescents tested in the spring of 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th grades. MEASUREMENTS:Transdiagnostic risk was measured as negative urgency, the tendency to act rashly when distressed, using the UPPS-P child version. Drinking-specific and smoking-specific risk were measured as expectancies for reinforcement from drinking and smoking, using the Memory Model-Based Expectancy Questionnaire (alcohol) and the Adolescent Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (smoking). FINDINGS:There was consistent concurrent prediction from the interactions of (a) negative urgency and alcohol reinforcement expectancies to early adolescent drinking and (b) negative urgency and smoking reinforcement expectancies to early adolescent smoking, above and beyond prediction from the main effects of those variables. In each case, expectancies were more predictive at higher levels of negative urgency. Incremental R2 values for main effects ranged from 0.07 to 0.26, and for interactions ranged from 0.01 to 0.03. Prospectively, the main effects predicted subsequent behavior but the interaction effects did not, except in one case. CONCLUSIONS:Among elementary and high school students in the United States, the joint effects of negative urgency and behavior-specific expectancies help to explain drinking and smoking behavior. Joint elevations on the trait and the learning variable account for drinking and smoking behavior beyond the main effects of each predictor. However, there is reason to doubt whether the joint effects predict subsequent increases in drinking and smoking beyond the main effects of those variables.

SUBMITTER: D'Agostino AR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6548603 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A risk model for addictive behaviors in adolescents: interactions between personality and learning.

D'Agostino Alexandra R AR Peterson Sarah J SJ Smith Gregory T GT

Addiction (Abingdon, England) 20190507 7

<h4>Background and aims</h4>To determine whether transdiagnostic risk, represented as elevations in one high-risk personality trait, interacts with behavior-specific risk, represented as elevated expectancies for reinforcement from either drinking or smoking, to account partly for early adolescent drinking and smoking behavior.<h4>Design</h4>Multiple regression analysis.<h4>Setting</h4>Twenty-three public schools in two school systems in the United States.<h4>Participants</h4>A sample of 1897 ad ...[more]

PMID: 30908768

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Project description:BackgroundThe aim of this study was to systematically summarize knowledge on the association between exposure to interpersonal trauma and addictive behaviors. Extant reviews on this association focused on a restricted range of substance-related addictions, and/or used a narrative instead of a systematic approach.MethodsSystematic searches of 8 databases yielded 29,841 studies, of which 3054 studies were included and subsequently classified in relation to study design (scoping review). A subset of observational studies (N = 181) prospectively investigating the relationship between exposure to interpersonal traumata and subsequent behavioral or substance-related addiction problems were characterized. Heterogeneity in study methodologies and types of addictive behaviors and traumatic experiences assessed precluded meta-analysis. Instead, the proportions of associations tested in this literature that revealed positive, negative, or null relationships between trauma exposure and subsequent addictive behaviors were recorded, along with other methodological features.ResultsOf 3054 included studies, 70.7% (n = 2160) used a cross-sectional design. In the 181 prospective observational studies (407,041 participants, 98.8% recruited from developed countries), 35.1% of the tested associations between trauma exposure and later addictive behaviors was positive, 1.3% was negative, and 63.6% was non-significant. These results were primarily obtained among non-treatment seeking samples (80.7% of studies; n = 146), using single and multi-item measures of addictive behaviors of unknown psychometric quality (46.4% of studies). Positive associations were more frequently observed in studies examining childhood versus adult traumatization (39.7% vs. 29.7%).ConclusionsLongitudinal research in this area emphasizes alcohol abuse, and almost no research has examined behavioral addictions. Results provide some support for a positive association between exposure to interpersonal trauma and subsequent addictive behaviors but this relationship was not consistently reported. Longitudinal studies typically assessed trauma exposure retrospectively, often after addictive behavior onset, thus precluding robust inferences about whether traumatization affects initial onset of addictive behaviors.

Project description:ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between cumulative ecological risk and individual risky behavior and multiple forms of aggregated behaviors among adolescents, and examine the gender differences.MethodsA large-scale, nationally representative, and students-based investigation was conducted in rural and urban areas of eight provinces in China from October to December 2021. A total of 22 868 adolescents with an average age of 14.64 years completely standardized questionnaire in which the sociodemographic characteristics, socio-ecological risk factors and risky behaviors were used to analyze.ResultsOf included students, 48.4% encountered the high level of social-ecological risk. The prevalence of breakfast intake not daily, alcohol use (AU), smoking, physical inactivity, prolonged screen time (ST) on weekdays and weekends, suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, suicidal attempt, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) was 41.0%, 11.9%, 3.4%, 61.9%, 15.1%, 51.1%, 27.7%, 13.9%, 6.5% and 27.0% respectively. 22.2% of participants engaged in high-risk behaviors. All were significantly influences of increased cumulative ecological risk on individual behavior and low-risk clustering behaviors separately. The odds ratio of breakfast intake not daily, AU, smoking, physical inactivity, prolonged ST in weekday and weekend, suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, suicidal attempt, and NSSI for the adjusted model in low versus high level of cumulative ecological risk was respectively significant in both boy and girls, and the ratio of odds ratios (ROR) was separately 0.95 (p = 0.228), 0.67 (p < 0.001), 0.44 (p < 0.001), 0.60 (p < 0.001), 0.78 (p = 0.001), 0.83 (p = 0.001), 0.80 (p = 0.001), 0.83 (p = 0.022), 0.71 (p = 0.005), 0.75 (p = 0.001). Girls encountering a high level of cumulative ecological risk were more likely to engage in multiple forms of clustering risky behaviors than boys (RORs: 0.77, p = 0.001).ConclusionsResearch and effective inventions at the social-ecological environment, based on the view of cumulative risk, are needed to promote the healthy development of behaviors in adolescence, and pay more attention to decreasing the occurrence of risky behaviours in girls than boys.

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A risk model for addictive behaviors in adolescents: interactions between personality and learning.

Publications

A risk model for addictive behaviors in adolescents: interactions between personality and learning.

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