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The observation of vibrating pear-shapes in radon nuclei.

ABSTRACT: There is a large body of evidence that atomic nuclei can undergo octupole distortion and assume the shape of a pear. This phenomenon is important for measurements of electric-dipole moments of atoms, which would indicate CP violation and hence probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Isotopes of both radon and radium have been identified as candidates for such measurements. Here, we observed the low-lying quantum states in ²²⁴Rn and ²²⁶Rn by accelerating beams of these radioactive nuclei. We show that radon isotopes undergo octupole vibrations but do not possess static pear-shapes in their ground states. We conclude that radon atoms provide less favourable conditions for the enhancement of a measurable atomic electric-dipole moment.

SUBMITTER: Butler PA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6554308 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The observation of vibrating pear-shapes in radon nuclei.

Butler P A PA Gaffney L P LP Spagnoletti P P Konki J J Scheck M M Smith J F JF Abrahams K K Bowry M M Cederkäll J J Chupp T T de Angelis G G De Witte H H Garrett P E PE Goldkuhle A A Henrich C C Illana A A Johnston K K Joss D T DT Keatings J M JM Kelly N A NA Komorowska M M Kröll T T Lozano M M Nara Singh B S BS O'Donnell D D Ojala J J Page R D RD Pedersen L G LG Raison C C Reiter P P Rodriguez J A JA Rosiak D D Rothe S S Shneidman T M TM Siebeck B B Seidlitz M M Sinclair J J Stryjczyk M M Van Duppen P P Vinals S S Virtanen V V Warr N N Wrzosek-Lipska K K Zielinska M M

Nature communications 20190606 1

There is a large body of evidence that atomic nuclei can undergo octupole distortion and assume the shape of a pear. This phenomenon is important for measurements of electric-dipole moments of atoms, which would indicate CP violation and hence probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Isotopes of both radon and radium have been identified as candidates for such measurements. Here, we observed the low-lying quantum states in <sup>224</sup>Rn and <sup>226</sup>Rn by accelerating ...[more]

PMID: 31171788

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Project description:Background:Allergen inhalation tests are a valuable research tool. The allergen dose producing an early asthmatic response (EAR) can be predicted from methacholine responsiveness and allergen skin test endpoint (STE). The Wright® jet nebulizer, which is both inefficient and increasingly difficult to obtain, has been used historically. We assessed the Solo® vibrating mesh nebulizer as an alternative for allergen and methacholine challenges. Methods:Eighteen mild atopic asthmatics completed the study. Doubling concentration allergen prick skin tests were performed to determine the STE in allergen units/mL. The Wright® protocol was used to measure the methacholine provocation dose causing a 20% forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) fall (PD20) (?g) and the allergen PD20 (units). The Solo® protocol (0.5 mL nebulized to completion, tidal breathing inhalation) was used to determine both methacholine PD20 and allergen PD20. The nebulizer order was randomized and separated by ??2 weeks. Results:All data were log transformed. The allergen PD20, predicted from the methacholine PD20 and the STE, was within 2 doubling doses of the PD20 measured with the Wright® and 2.64 doubling doses of that measured with Solo®. The Wright® allergen PD20 correlated with the Wright® methacholine PD20 (r?=?0.74) and the STE (r?=?0.78) and more strongly with the product of the two (Wright® methacholine PD20?×?STE, r?=?0.91, p?<?0.00001). The Solo® allergen PD20 showed similar relationships with the Solo® methacholine PD20 (r?=?0.61), the STE (r?=?0.75) and the product of the two (Solo® methacholine PD20?×?STE, r?=?0.83, p?<?0.00002). The Wright® and the Solo® methacholine geometric mean PD20s were not significantly different (49.3 and 54.5 ?g respectively, p?=?0.62). The Wright® allergen PD20 was slightly but significantly lower than the Solo® allergen PD20 (geometric means 6.7 and 10.5 units respectively, p?=?0.003). Conclusion:The Solo® allergen PD20 showed the same relationship with methacholine responsiveness and STE as did the Wright®. The Solo® allergen PD20 was slightly but significantly higher than the Wright® allergen PD20. The Solo® vibrating mesh nebulizer was well tolerated and is an acceptable alternative for allergen challenge.Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03491358.

Dataset Information

The observation of vibrating pear-shapes in radon nuclei.

Publications

The observation of vibrating pear-shapes in radon nuclei.

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