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Brief interventions for young adults who use drugs: The moderating effects of resilience and trauma.

ABSTRACT: Among participants in an intervention clinical trial (N?=?602), we examined resilience as a moderator of substance use outcomes by intervention condition and between participants with and without severe traumatic stress (STS). Eligibility included men and women ages 18-39 with recent multidrug use; drug treatment enrollees were excluded. Outcome measures were past 90-day frequencies of substance use and abstinence. Putative moderators were measured using the Resilience Research Centre's Adult Resilience Measure (RRC-ARM) and the Traumatic Stress Scale from the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN). Analyses employed hierarchical linear models. High resilience predicted better substance use outcomes, and the ordering of intervention effects for high resilience participants was stepwise by intervention condition intensity. Participants with low resilience scores had poorer outcomes, and those outcomes were largely unaffected by intervention condition. Participants without STS experienced the interventions similarly to the overall sample. Regardless of the level of resilience, however, participants with STS did not benefit from the interventions. The findings point to the importance of screening for both resilience and traumatic stress prior to intervention to maximize the impact of brief interventions for substance users, and also to link those needing more intensive approaches to additional services and professional care.

SUBMITTER: Kurtz SP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6557290 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Brief interventions for young adults who use drugs: The moderating effects of resilience and trauma.

Kurtz Steven P SP Pagano Maria E ME Buttram Mance E ME Ungar Michael M

Journal of substance abuse treatment 20190324

Among participants in an intervention clinical trial (N = 602), we examined resilience as a moderator of substance use outcomes by intervention condition and between participants with and without severe traumatic stress (STS). Eligibility included men and women ages 18-39 with recent multidrug use; drug treatment enrollees were excluded. Outcome measures were past 90-day frequencies of substance use and abstinence. Putative moderators were measured using the Resilience Research Centre's Adult Re ...[more]

PMID: 31174710

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Project description:BackgroundAdolescents and young adults (AYA) have an increased risk for Internet use disorders (IUD) compared to older individuals that may lead to functional impairments in daily life. To date, evidence-based brief interventions are lacking. This study aimed to test the efficacy of a low-threshold counseling approach based on Motivational Interviewing (MI) in a vocational school setting.MethodsOf 8.230 vocational students (age M=20.56, SD=4.68; 51.85% female) being proactively screened for IUD, 937 with positive screenings took part in telephone-based diagnostic interviews. IUD were assessed in line with the criteria of the Internet Gaming Disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5). Readiness to change, self-efficacy, and impairments in daily life were additionally assessed with standardized screening instruments. Participants fulfilling at least two IUD criteria were randomized to the intervention group (n=240, up to three MI-based counseling sessions via telephone) or the control group (n=257, information brochure on responsible Internet use). Follow-up interviews were conducted after five and ten months. The primary outcome was the reduction of IUD criteria. Secondary outcomes were improvements of readiness/ self-efficacy to change and the reduction of daily impairments. Data were analyzed with Intention-to-Treat (ITT) and complier average causal effect (CACE) analyses.ResultsOverall, 153 (63.75%) individuals assigned to the intervention group participated at least in one counseling session (=compliers). Both groups reduced the number of IUD criteria over time. In ITT analyses, however, we did not find intervention effects for primary and secondary outcomes. Bayes statistics were inconclusive. Based on low participation rates in the intervention group, explorative CACE analyses were conducted to compare compliers in the intervention group to potential compliers in the control group. Again, we did not find intervention effects apart from improvements in self-efficacy after five months.DiscussionTelephone-based counseling seems not appropriate to address AYA at risk for IUD. Low participation rates in the intervention group caused underpowered analyses. Besides, dealing with the own Internet use during intensive assessments and receiving an information brochure led to behavioral changes also in the control group. Since the efficacy of brief interventions under the condition of higher participation rates cannot be fully ruled out, further research is required by taking the implications of this study into account.

Project description:While the relationship between underage drinking and injury has been well established, few studies have examined whether presenting for an acute injury moderates the efficacy of a brief intervention (BI) on alcohol misuse.Patients (aged 14-20 years) in the emergency department screening positive for risky drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption score) completed a baseline assessment, were randomized to conditions (a standalone computer-delivered BI [n = 277], a therapist-delivered BI [n = 278], or a control condition [n = 281]), and completed a 3-month follow-up. This secondary analysis of Project U-Connect examined regression models (controlling for baseline values) to examine the main effects of injury and the interaction effects of injury by BI condition on alcohol consumption and consequences.Among 836 youth enrolled in the randomized controlled trial (mean age, 18.6 years; 51.6% were male; 79.4% were white), 303 (36.2%) had a primary complaint of intentional or unintentional injury. At baseline, injured patients were more likely to be male (p < 0.001) and have higher alcohol consumption (p < 0.01), but were less likely to misuse prescription drugs (p = 0.02) than those presenting for medical reasons. Regression models (controlling for baseline values) demonstrated that injury presentation predicted greater alcohol consumption prior to a BI. The computer BI was more effective at reducing alcohol consequences among those presenting with injury than those presenting for other reasons. Injury did not affect the efficacy of the computer BI on alcohol consumption, and injury did not affect the efficacy of the therapist BI on alcohol outcomes.A therapist or computer BI reduced alcohol consumption and consequences among risky drinkers regardless of reason for emergency department presentation highlighting the opportunity to reach a broad array of youth. Although the therapist BI was not moderated by injury presentation, the computer BI was particularly effective at reducing alcohol consequences among those presenting with injury at 3-month follow-up.Therapeutic/care management study, level III.

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Brief interventions for young adults who use drugs: The moderating effects of resilience and trauma.

Publications

Brief interventions for young adults who use drugs: The moderating effects of resilience and trauma.

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