Associations between reliable changes in depression and changes in BMI, total body fatness and visceral adiposity during a 12-month weight loss trial.
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SUBMITTER: Cameron N
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6559873 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Associations between reliable changes in depression and changes in BMI, total body fatness and visceral adiposity during a 12-month weight loss trial.
Cameron Natalie N Godino Job G JG Skipper Tricia T Dillon Lindsay L Waalen Jill J Hill Linda L Patrick Kevin K
International journal of obesity (2005) 20181211 9
We investigated associations between changes in depression and body composition over a 12-month weight loss trial. Of the 298 adults (BMI > 27 m/kg<sup>2</sup>), 219 with complete depression and body composition data were included. A 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale measured depression; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured body composition. Multinomial logistic regression predicted reliable changes in depression by BMI, body fat (BF) and visceral adiposity (VAT). Mu ...[more]
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Project description:Abstract Objectives The Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) was developed to estimate adipose tissue dysfunction as well as visceral fat distribution. In an ancillary analysis of the CROSSROADS Study (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT00955903), this study investigated the effects of exercise with and without intentional energy restriction on VAI changes among older adults with obesity. Methods Participants (n = 163, 37.4% male, 70.3 ± 4.7 years) were randomized to the following groups: exercise only, exercise + nutrient-dense weight maintenance diet, and exercise + nutrient-dense energy restriction of 500 kcal/d. Visceral adiposity determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), anthropometrics, and cardiometabolic biomarkers were assessed at baseline and 12 months. Waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were used to compute VAI at both time points. Data were analyzed utilizing Spearman's correlations and general linear models to determine differences among groups following adjustment for covariates. Results Among all participants, significant correlations were observed between VAI and glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the adiponectin: leptin ratio at baseline (r = 0.343, P < 0.001; r = 0.363, P < 0.001; r = 0.200, P = 0.011; r = −0.246, P = 0.002, respectively). DXA and MRI measures of visceral adiposity were not significantly correlated with VAI. Upon completion of the 12-month study period, there were significant differences in VAI among groups [F (2,137) = 5.957, P = 0.003)]. Post hoc analysis revealed that VAI was significantly lower in the exercise + nutrient-dense energy restriction group compared to the exercise only group (P = 0.002). Conclusions Results suggest that VAI may be an adequate measure of adipose tissue dysfunction, yet its ability to estimate levels of visceral adiposity warrants further investigation to determine clinical utility. Nonetheless, results suggest that an exercise + nutrient-dense energy restriction intervention may reduce VAI among older adults with obesity. Funding Sources NIH.
| S-EPMC8180756 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although several studies have reported associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body fatness and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), the extent to which associations differ among Latinos and non-Latinos remains unclear. This study evaluated the associations between body composition and MVPA in Latino and non-Latino adults.An exploratory, cross-sectional analysis was conducted using baseline data collected from 298 overweight adults enrolled in a 12-month randomized controlled trial that tested the efficacy of text messaging to improve weight loss. MVPA, body fatness and VAT were assessed by waist-worn accelerometry, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and DXA-derived software (GE CoreScan GE, Madison, WI, USA), respectively. Participants with <5 days of accelerometry data or missing DXA data were excluded; 236 participants had complete data. Multivariable linear regression assessed associations between body composition and MVPA per day, defined as time in MVPA, bouts of MVPA (time per bout ?10?min), non-bouts of MVPA (time per bout <10?min) and meeting the 150-min MVPA guideline. The modifying influence of ethnicity was modeled with a multiplicative interaction term.The interaction between ethnicity and MVPA in predicting percent body fat was significant (P=0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.58, 4.43)) such that a given increase in MVPA was associated with a greater decline in total body fat in non-Latinos compared with Latinos (adjusted for age, sex and accelerometer wear time). There was no interaction between ethnicity and MVPA in predicting VAT (g) (P=0.78, 95% CI (-205.74, 273.17)) and body mass index (BMI) (P=0.18, 95% CI (-0.49, 2.26)).An increase in MVPA was associated with a larger decrease in body fat, but neither BMI nor VAT, in non-Latinos compared with Latinos. This suggests that changes in VAT and BMI in response to MVPA may be less influenced by ethnicity than is total body fatness.
| S-EPMC5461184 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo individuate a novel sex-specific index, based on waist circumference, BMI, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol, indirectly expressing visceral fat function.Research design and methodsVisceral adiposity index (VAI) was first modeled on 315 nonobese healthy subjects. Using two multiple logistic regression models, VAI was retrospectively validated in 1,498 primary care patients in comparison to classical cardio- and cerebrovascular risk factors.ResultsAll components of metabolic syndrome increased significantly across VAI quintiles. VAI was independently associated with both cardiovascular (odd ratio [OR] 2.45; 95% CI 1.52-3.95; P < 0.001) and cerebrovascular (1.63; 1.06-2.50; P = 0.025) events. VAI also showed significant inverse correlation with insulin sensitivity during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp in a subgroup of patients (R(s) = -0.721; P < 0.001). By contrast, no correlations were found for waist circumference and BMI.ConclusionsOur study suggests VAI is a valuable indicator of "visceral adipose function" and insulin sensitivity, and its increase is strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk.
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Project description:Background:Reductions in energy intake are seen in weight loss trials, but whether this occurs with improvements to diet quality (DQ) is less established. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in diet quality in a sample of volunteers in a weight loss trial. Methods:This was a secondary analysis of dietary data from a lifestyle intervention trial (the HealthTrack study) which advised on dietary guidelines. The trial ran for 12 months with three treatment groups: control (general advice C), intervention (individualised advice, I), and intervention plus a supplement of walnuts (IW). Both the published a priori diet quality score (APDQS, maximum score 164) and a study specific Diet Quality Tracker (DQT, maximum score 44) indicated compliance to dietary advice. DQ scores calculated at 0, 3months and 12months were evaluated using two-way RMANOVA, one-way ANOVA and one-way RMANOVA. Changes in intakes of food groups and nutrients were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman's tests. Results:There were no differences between groups at baseline, but at 3months IW recorded higher DQ scores (APDQS:96?±?10; DQT:22?±?5, P?<?1?×?10-3 for both) compared to I (APDQS:91?±?13, P?<?1?×?10-3; DQT:21?±?4, P?<?1?×?10-2) and C (APDQS:87?±?12, P?<?5?×?10-2; DQT:19?±?4, P?>?5?×?10-2), and a higher consumption of nuts at 3 months (P?<?1?×?10-3), and 12months (P?<?1?×?10-2). All groups reported decreased intakes of discretionary foods/beverages assessed by the DQT (P?<?1?×?10-3 for IW and I; P?<?1?×?10-2 for C). The APDQS showed this as reduced intakes of grain based desserts (P?<?1?×?10-3 at 3 and 12months), and salty snacks at 12months (P?<?1?×?10-3 for IW and I; P?<?5?×?10-2 for C). Intakes of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids were lowest, and polyunsaturated fatty acids highest for IW (P?<?1?×?10-3), resulting in a higher dietary polyunsaturated:saturated fat ratio (P?<?1?×?10-3). Conclusions:Lifestyle intervention addressing dietary guidelines can lead to significant reductions in consumption of discretionary foods and saturated fat, but individualised advice may have a greater impact on improving overall DQ regardless of DQI used. Providing a healthy food supplement may help assure higher DQ and where the food is walnuts, produce commensurate differences in dietary fatty acid profiles. Trial registration:ANZCTRN 12614000581662. Date of registration: 30th May 2014.
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Project description:PurposeIt remains unclear to what extent habitual physical activity and sedentary time (ST) are associated with visceral fat and liver fat. We studied the substitution of ST with time spent physically active and total body fat (TBF), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and hepatic triglyceride content (HTGC) in middle-age men and women.DesignIn this cross-sectional analysis of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study, physical activity was assessed in 228 participants using a combined accelerometer and heart rate monitor. TBF was assessed by the Tanita bioelectrical impedance, VAT by magnetic resonance imaging, and HTGC by proton-MR spectroscopy. Behavioral intensity distribution was categorized as ST, time spent in light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). To estimate the effect of replacing 30 min·d-1 of ST with 30 min·d-1 LPA or MVPA, we performed isotemporal substitution analyses, adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, education, the Dutch Healthy Diet index, and smoking.ResultsIncluded participants (41% men) had a mean ± SD age of 56 ± 6 yr and spent 88 ± 56 min in MVPA and 9.0 ± 2.1 h of ST. Replacing 30 min·d-1 of ST with 30 min of MVPA was associated with 1.3% less TBF (95% confidence interval = -2.0 to -0.7), 7.8 cm2 less VAT (-11.6 to -4.0), and 0.89 times HTGC (0.82-0.97). Replacement with LPA was not associated with TBF (-0.03%; -0.5 to 0.4), VAT (-1.7 cm2; -4.4 to 0.9), or HTGC (0.98 times; 0.92-1.04).ConclusionsReallocation of time spent sedentary with time spent in MVPA, but not LPA, was associated with less TBF, visceral fat, and liver fat. These findings contribute to the development of more specified guidelines on ST and physical activity.
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Project description:Most genome-wide association studies are confined to middle-aged populations. It is unclear whether associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and obesity persist in old age. We aimed to relate 10 body mass index (BMI)-associated SNPs to weight, BMI, % fat, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in Health ABC and AGES-Reykjavik comprising 4,846 individuals of European Ancestry, and 1,139 African Americans over age 65. SNPs were scaled using effect estimates from candidate SNPs. In Health ABC, a SNP near GNPDA2 was modestly associated with weight and SAT area (p = .008, p = .001). Risk score (sum of scaled SNPs) was associated with weight, BMI, and SAT area (p < .0001 for all), but neither GNPDA2 nor risk score was associated with weight, BMI, visceral adippose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, or % fat in AGES-Reykjavik. In African Americans, a SNP near SEC16B was weakly associated with weight (p = .04). In this sample of older adults, no BMI-associated SNPs were associated with weight or adiposity.
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Project description:Background/objectives/introductionIt is imperative to accurately estimate whole body fat percentage (%fat) to understand the deleterious nature of excess adiposity on cardiometabolic disease risk. Cost and accessibility often preclude the use of advanced imaging methods like dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Relative fat mass (RFM) is an emerging estimator of whole body %fat based on waist circumference, height, and biological sex. The purpose of this ancillary study was to examine the relationship between RFM and gold-standard measures of adiposity among community-dwelling older adults with obesity and to evaluate if changes in RFM reflect changes in %fat following a 12-month lifestyle intervention (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT00955903).Patients/materials and methodsParticipants (N = 163, 37.4% male, 70.3 ± 4.7 years) were randomized to the exercise only group, exercise + nutrient-dense weight maintenance group, or exercise + nutrient-dense energy restriction of 500 kcal/d group. Total and regional adiposity assessed by DXA and MRI, as well as anthropometrics, were evaluated at baseline and 12 months.ResultsRFM was significantly positively correlated with DXA whole body %fat and DXA trunk %fat at baseline. Equivalence testing revealed that RFM was considered equivalent to DXA whole body %fat for females only. Additionally, from baseline to 12 months, a significant reduction in RFM was observed among female participants in the exercise + energy restriction group only. Changes in RFM were significantly correlated with changes in DXA whole body %fat, DXA trunk fat, and total abdominal fat tissue determined by MRI.ConclusionResults support the use of RFM as an estimate of whole body %fat where advanced imaging techniques are not feasible. Furthermore, results suggest that this index is sensitive to changes in fat mass over 12 months in female older adults with obesity. KEY MESSAGESRelative fat mass (RFM), an emerging estimator of whole body %fat based on waist circumference, height, and biological sex, was intentionally developed to be a simple estimate of adiposity that overcomes limitations of measures like body mass index.In the current study, results from correlations and agreement analyses support the use of RFM to estimate whole-body fat percentage in a community-dwelling older adult population with obesity when advanced methods, namely dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, are not feasible.Significant reductions in RFM were also observed over a 12-month period that was significantly correlated with changes in whole body fat percentage; thus, supporting the sensitivity of RFM to lifestyle changes.
| S-EPMC9126590 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Despite the effectiveness of bariatric surgery, there is still substantial variability in long-term weight outcomes and few factors with predictive power to explain this variability. Neuroimaging may provide a novel biomarker with utility beyond other commonly used variables in bariatric surgery trials to improve prediction of long-term weight-loss outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on reward and cognitive control circuitry postsurgery and determine the extent to which baseline brain activity predicts weight loss at 12-month postsurgery. SUBJECTS/METHODS:Using a longitudinal design, behavioral, hormone and neuroimaging data (during a desire for palatable food regulation paradigm) were collected from 18 patients undergoing SG at baseline (<1 month prior) and 12-month post-SG. RESULTS:SG patients lost an average of 29.0% of their weight (percentage of total weight loss (%TWL)) at 12-month post-SG, with significant variability (range: 16.0-43.5%). Maladaptive eating behaviors (uncontrolled, emotional and externally cued eating) improved (P<0.01), in parallel with reductions in fasting hormones (acyl ghrelin, leptin, glucose, insulin; P<0.05). Brain activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), caudate, pallidum and amygdala during desire for palatable food enhancement vs regulation decreased from baseline to 12 months (P (family-wise error (FWE))<0.05). Dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activity during desire for palatable food regulation (vs enhancement) increased from baseline to 12 months (P(FWE)<0.05). Baseline activity in the NAcc and hypothalamus during desire for palatable food enhancement was significantly predictive of %TWL at 12 months (P (FWE)<0.05), superior to behavioral and hormone predictors, which did not significantly predict %TWL (P>0.10). Using stepwise linear regression, left NAcc activity accounted for 54% of the explained variance in %TWL at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS:Consistent with previous obesity studies, reward-related neural circuit activity may serve as an objective, relatively robust predictor of postsurgery weight loss. Replication in larger studies is necessary to determine true effect sizes for outcome prediction.
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Project description:Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI)-induced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) predisposes individuals to adult visceral obesity. We postulated that low birth weight (LBW) offspring, from UPI-induced IUGR pregnancies, would display a visceral adipose lipogenic molecular signature involving altered gene expression, phosphorylation status of proteins of the lipid synthesis pathway and microRNA (miR) expression profile, occurring in association with increased visceral adiposity. Normal birth weight (NBW) and LBW (obtained by uterine artery ablation) male guinea pig pups were fed a control diet from weaning to 145 days and sacrificed. Despite being lighter at birth, LBW pups displayed body weights similar to NBW offspring at 145 days. At this age, which represents young adulthood, the relative weights of LBW epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) and lipid content were increased; which was consistent with adipocyte hypertrophy in the LBW offspring. Additionally, the mRNA expression of lipid synthesis-related genes including acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), diglyceride acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 1 (PPARγ1), was increased in LBW EWAT. Further, LBW EWAT displayed decreased phospho-ACC (Ser79) and phospho-PPARγ (Ser273) proteins. Moreover, the mRNA expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), both involved in promoting adipose lipid storage, was increased in LBW EWAT. Finally, miR-24 and miR-103-2, miRs related to adipocyte development, were both increased in LBW EWAT. These findings indicate that, following an adverse in utero environment, lipid synthesis-related genes and miR expression, along with phosphorylation status of key regulators of lipid synthesis, appear to be chronically altered and occur in association with increased visceral adiposity in young adult IUGR male offspring.
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Project description:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Direct evidence for the effects of vegetable intake on weight loss is qualified. The study aimed to assess the effect of higher vegetable consumption on weight loss. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A single blind parallel controlled trial was conducted with 120 overweight adults (mean body mass index=29.98 kg/m(2)) randomised to two energy deficit healthy diet advice groups differing only by doubling the serving (portion) sizes of vegetables in the comparator group. Data were analysed as intention-to-treat using a linear mixed model. Spearmans rho bivariate was used to explore relationships between percentage energy from vegetables and weight loss. RESULTS: After 12 months, the study sample lost 6.5±5.2 kg (P<0.001 time) with no difference between groups (P>0.05 interaction). Both groups increased vegetable intake and lost weight in the first 3 months, and the change in weight was significantly correlated with higher proportions of energy consumed as vegetables (rho=-0.217, P=0.024). Fasting glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels decreased (P<0.001 time) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased (P<0.001 time), with no difference between groups. Weight loss was sustained for 12 months by both groups, but the comparator group reported greater hunger satisfaction (P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Advice to consume a healthy low-energy diet leads to sustained weight loss, with reductions in cardiovascular disease risk factors regardless of an emphasis on more vegetables. In the short term, consuming a higher proportion of the dietary energy as vegetables may support a greater weight loss and the dietary pattern appears sustainable.
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