Dataset Information

The FTO Gene and Measured Food Intake in 5- to 10-Year-Old Children Without Obesity.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Genetic variation in the first intron of FTO (e.g., single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] rs9939609) is strongly associated with adiposity. This effect is thought to be mediated (at least in part) via increasing caloric intake, although the precise molecular genetic mechanisms are not fully understood. Prior pediatric studies of FTO have included youth with overweight and obesity; however, they have not informed whether a genotypic effect on ingestive behavior is present prior to obesity onset. Therefore, this study investigated the association between FTO and caloric intake in children aged 5 to 10 years without obesity (adiposity ??95th percentile). METHODS:A total of 122 children were genotyped for rs9939609 and ate ad libitum from a laboratory lunch buffet following a standardized breakfast. Linear regressions, adjusting for body mass, were used to examine the association between FTO "dose" (number of copies of SNP rs9939609) and intake variables. RESULTS:There was a significant association between FTO and total intake. Each risk allele predicted an additional 64 calories, accounting for 3% of the variance. There were no associations between FTO and macronutrient preference, energy density, or diet variety. Results were influenced by race. CONCLUSIONS:Results corroborate and extend prior work by showing a dose-dependent effect on food intake in children without obesity.

SUBMITTER: Ranzenhofer LM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6561098 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The FTO Gene and Measured Food Intake in 5- to 10-Year-Old Children Without Obesity.

Ranzenhofer Lisa M LM Mayer Laurel E S LES Davis Haley A HA Mielke-Maday Hanna K HK McInerney Hailey H Korn Rachel R Gupta Nikita N Brown Amanda J AJ Schebendach Janet J Tanofsky-Kraff Marian M Thaker Vidhu V Chung Wendy K WK Leibel Rudolph L RL Walsh B Timothy BT Rosenbaum Michael M

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 20190601 6

<h4>Objective</h4>Genetic variation in the first intron of FTO (e.g., single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] rs9939609) is strongly associated with adiposity. This effect is thought to be mediated (at least in part) via increasing caloric intake, although the precise molecular genetic mechanisms are not fully understood. Prior pediatric studies of FTO have included youth with overweight and obesity; however, they have not informed whether a genotypic effect on ingestive behavior is present prior t ...[more]

PMID: 31119882

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Project description:IntroductionEvaluating the food consumption of school-aged children is crucial to monitor their dietary habits, promote targeted interventions, and contribute public policies that aimed healthy eating. In this context, our objective was to develop and validate the Illustrated Questionnaire on Food Consumption for Brazilian Schoolchildren (QUACEB) of 6 to 10 years old, which is a self-reported illustrated recall.MethodsValidity was obtained in four stages as follows: selection of foods, validation of items, validation of illustrations, and pretest. Foods were selected by considering the data from the main surveys that have been conducted with the Brazilian population and schoolchildren in recent years, the degree of food processing, and the main foods from each of the country's five macroregions. The content of the items was validated by comparing the children's and their parent's responses. For this, the questionnaire was published in an online format, and 6- to 10-year-old elementary schoolchildren were recruited using the snowball technique. The first part of the questionnaire was answered by the parent after the child's lunch, and the second was completed by the child the following day. Thirty-two parent and child dyads participated. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and kappa (k) tests were performed.ResultsOf the 30 foods presented on the questionnaire, 15 were reported as consumed. High sensitivity (mean of 88.5%), high specificity (average of 92.0%), substantial agreement (k = 0.78), low disagreement (6.2%), and AUC of 0.90 were found. The illustrations were validated in a focus group with fourth-grade children from a school chosen for convenience. The food illustrations were designed for children, who were asked to name the food. Eighteen children participated and verified that the images were representative of the foods. In the pretest, three schools were chosen for convenience that announced the link to the online questionnaire in WhatsApp groups of parents with students from first to fifth grade. Fifteen children answered the questionnaire and 86.7% (n = 13) judged it excellent or good.ConclusionThus, the food consumption questionnaire is valid for elementary schoolchildren of 6 to 10 years old and can be applied in research to assess the dietary patterns of children in Brazil.

Project description:Background:Variants in the first intron of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene increase obesity risk. People with "high-risk" FTO genotypes exhibit preference for high-fat foods, reduced satiety responsiveness, and greater food intake consistent with impaired satiety. Objective:We sought central nervous system mechanisms that might underlie impaired satiety perception in people with a higher risk of obesity based on their FTO genotype. Design:We performed a cross-sectional study in a sample that was enriched for obesity and included 20 higher-risk participants with the AA (risk) genotype at the rs9939609 locus of FTO and 94 lower-risk participants with either the AT or TT genotype. We compared subjective appetite, appetite-regulating hormones, caloric intake at a buffet meal, and brain response to visual food cues in an extended satiety network using functional MRI scans acquired before and after a standardized meal. Results:Higher-risk participants reported less subjective fullness (χ2 = 7.48, P < 0.01), rated calorie-dense food as more appealing (χ2 = 3.92, P < 0.05), and consumed ∼350 more kilocalories than lower-risk participants (β = 348 kcal, P = 0.03), even after adjusting for fat or lean mass. Premeal, the higher-risk group had greater activation by "fattening" food images (compared with objects) in the medial orbital frontal cortex (β = 11.6; 95% CI: 1.5, 21.7; P < 0.05). Postmeal, the higher-risk subjects had greater activation by fattening (compared with nonfattening) food cues in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (β = 12.8; 95% CI: 2.7, 23.0; P < 0.05), amygdala (β = 10.6; 95% CI: 0.7, 20.5; P < 0.05), and ventral striatum (β = 6.9; 95% CI: 0.2, 13.7; P < 0.05). Moreover, postmeal activation by fattening food cues within the preselected extended satiety network was positively associated with energy intake at the buffet meal (R2 = 0.29, P = 0.04) and this relation was particularly strong in the dorsal striatum (R2 = 0.28, P = 0.01), amygdala (R2 = 0.28, P = 0.03), and ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (R2 = 0.27, P = 0.01). Conclusion:The findings are consistent with a model in which allelic variants in FTO raise obesity risk through impaired central nervous system satiety processing, thereby increasing food intake. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02483663.

Dataset Information

The FTO Gene and Measured Food Intake in 5- to 10-Year-Old Children Without Obesity.

Publications

The FTO Gene and Measured Food Intake in 5- to 10-Year-Old Children Without Obesity.

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