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Dynamics of cytoskeletal proteins during Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages.

ABSTRACT: Particle ingestion by phagocytosis results from sequential rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton and overlying membrane. To assemble a chronology of molecular events during phagosome formation and to examine the contributions of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) to these dynamics, a method was developed for synchronizing Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis by murine macrophages. Erythrocytes opsonized with complement component C3bi were bound to macrophages at 37degrees C, a condition that does not favor particle phagocytosis. Addition of soluble anti-erythrocyte IgG resulted in rapid opsonization of the bound erythrocytes, followed by their immediate internalization via phagocytosis. Cellular content of F-actin, as measured by binding of rhodamine-phalloidin, increased transiently during phagocytosis, and this increase was not diminished by inhibitors of PI 3-kinase. Immunofluorescence localization of myosins in macrophages fixed at various times during phagocytosis indicated that myosins II and IXb were concentrated in early phagosomes, myosin IC increased later, and myosin V appeared after phagosome closure. Other cytoskeletal proteins showed similar variations in the timing of their appearance in phagosomes. The PI 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin did not change the dynamics of PI 3-kinase or ezrin localization but prevented the loss of PAK1 from phagosomes. These results suggest that PI 3-kinase deactivates PAK1, and that this may be needed for phagosome closure.

SUBMITTER: Diakonova M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC65636 | biostudies-literature | 2002 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dynamics of cytoskeletal proteins during Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages.

Diakonova Maria M Bokoch Gary G Swanson Joel A JA

Molecular biology of the cell 20020201 2

Particle ingestion by phagocytosis results from sequential rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton and overlying membrane. To assemble a chronology of molecular events during phagosome formation and to examine the contributions of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) to these dynamics, a method was developed for synchronizing Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis by murine macrophages. Erythrocytes opsonized with complement component C3bi were bound to macrophages at 37degrees C, a conditio ...[more]

PMID: 11854399

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Project description:Protein kinase C-epsilon (PKC-epsilon) translocates to phagosomes and promotes uptake of IgG-opsonized targets. To identify the regions responsible for this concentration, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-protein kinase C-epsilon mutants were tracked during phagocytosis and in response to exogenous lipids. Deletion of the diacylglycerol (DAG)-binding epsilonC1 and epsilonC1B domains, or the epsilonC1B point mutant epsilonC259G, decreased accumulation at phagosomes and membrane translocation in response to exogenous DAG. Quantitation of GFP revealed that epsilonC259G, epsilonC1, and epsilonC1B accumulation at phagosomes was significantly less than that of intact PKC-epsilon. Also, the DAG antagonist 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl glycerol (EI-150) blocked PKC-epsilon translocation. Thus, DAG binding to epsilonC1B is necessary for PKC-epsilon translocation. The role of phospholipase D (PLD), phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC)-gamma1, and PI-PLC-gamma2 in PKC-epsilon accumulation was assessed. Although GFP-PLD2 localized to phagosomes and enhanced phagocytosis, PLD inhibition did not alter target ingestion or PKC-epsilon localization. In contrast, the PI-PLC inhibitor U73122 decreased both phagocytosis and PKC-epsilon accumulation. Although expression of PI-PLC-gamma2 is higher than that of PI-PLC-gamma1, PI-PLC-gamma1 but not PI-PLC-gamma2 consistently concentrated at phagosomes. Macrophages from PI-PLC-gamma2-/- mice were similar to wild-type macrophages in their rate and extent of phagocytosis, their accumulation of PKC-epsilon at the phagosome, and their sensitivity to U73122. This implicates PI-PLC-gamma1 as the enzyme that supports PKC-epsilon localization and phagocytosis. That PI-PLC-gamma1 was transiently tyrosine phosphorylated in nascent phagosomes is consistent with this conclusion. Together, these results support a model in which PI-PLC-gamma1 provides DAG that binds to epsilonC1B, facilitating PKC-epsilon localization to phagosomes for efficient IgG-mediated phagocytosis.

Project description:Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in lymphopenic patients. Pulmonary macrophages comprise the first line of host defense upon inhalation of fungal spores by aiding in clearance but can also potentially serve as a niche for their dissemination. Given that macrophages play a key role in the outcome of a cryptococcal infection, it is crucial to understand factors that mediate phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Since lipid rafts (high-order plasma membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin [SM]) have been implicated in facilitating phagocytosis, we evaluated whether these ordered domains govern macrophages' ability to phagocytose C. neoformans. We found that cholesterol or SM depletion resulted in significantly deficient immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated phagocytosis of fungus. Moreover, repletion of macrophage cells with a raft-promoting sterol (7-dehydrocholesterol) rescued this phagocytic deficiency, whereas a raft-inhibiting sterol (coprostanol) significantly decreased IgG-mediated phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Using a photoswitchable SM (AzoSM), we observed that the raft-promoting conformation (trans-AzoSM) resulted in efficient phagocytosis, whereas the raft-inhibiting conformation (cis-AzoSM) significantly but reversibly blunted phagocytosis. We observed that the effect on phagocytosis may be facilitated by Fcγ receptor (FcγR) function, whereby IgG immune complexes crosslink to FcγRIII, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of FcR γ-subunit (FcRγ), an important accessory protein in the FcγR signaling cascade. Correspondingly, cholesterol or SM depletion resulted in decreased FcRγ phosphorylation. Repletion with 7-dehydrocholesterol restored phosphorylation, whereas repletion with coprostanol showed FcRγ phosphorylation comparable to unstimulated cells. Together, these data suggest that lipid rafts are critical for facilitating FcγRIII-mediated phagocytosis of C. neoformans.

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Dynamics of cytoskeletal proteins during Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages.

Publications

Dynamics of cytoskeletal proteins during Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages.

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