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Interaction between Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Amino Acids: Influence on the Antibacterial Activity.

ABSTRACT: The increasing concern about antibiotic-resistance has led to the search for alternative antimicrobial agents. In this effort, different metal oxide nanomaterials are currently under investigation, in order to assess their effectiveness, safety and mode of action. This study focused on CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and was aimed at evaluating how the properties and the antimicrobial activity of these nanomaterials may be affected by the interaction with ligands present in biological and environmental media. Ligands can attach to the surface of particles and/or contribute to their dissolution through ligand-assisted ion release and the formation of complexes with copper ions. Eight natural amino acids (L-Arg, L-Asp, L-Glu, L-Cys, L-Val, L-Leu, L-Phe, L-Tyr) were chosen as model molecules to investigate these interactions and the toxicity of the obtained materials against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984. A different behavior from pristine CuO NPs was observed, depending on the aminoacidic side chain. These results were supported by physico-chemical and colloidal characterization carried out by means of Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and light scattering techniques (Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Electrophoretic Light Scattering (ELS) and Centrifugal Separation Analysis (CSA).

SUBMITTER: Badetti E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6566567 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interaction between Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Amino Acids: Influence on the Antibacterial Activity.

Badetti Elena E Calgaro Loris L Falchi Laura L Bonetto Alessandro A Bettiol Cinzia C Leonetti Benedetta B Ambrosi Emmanuele E Zendri Elisabetta E Marcomini Antonio A

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) 20190523 5

The increasing concern about antibiotic-resistance has led to the search for alternative antimicrobial agents. In this effort, different metal oxide nanomaterials are currently under investigation, in order to assess their effectiveness, safety and mode of action. This study focused on CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and was aimed at evaluating how the properties and the antimicrobial activity of these nanomaterials may be affected by the interaction with ligands present in biological and environmen ...[more]

PMID: 31126084

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Project description:The greatest challenge of the current generation and generations to come is antimicrobial resistance, as different pathogenic bacteria have continuously evolved to become resistant to even the most recently synthesized antibiotics such as carbapenems. Resistance to carbapenems limits the therapeutic options of MDR infections as they are the only safe and effective drugs recommended to treat such infections. This scenario has complicated treatment outcomes, even to the commonest bacterial infections. Repeated attempts to develop other approaches have been made. The most promising novel therapeutic option is the use of nanomaterials as antimicrobial agents. Thus, this study examined the efficacy of Camellia sinensis extract (CSE) and Prunus africana bark extract (PAE) green synthesized Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) against carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, the photocatalytic and antioxidant activities of CuONPs were evaluated to determine the potential of using them in a wide range of applications. CuONPs were biosynthesized by CSE and PAE. UV vis spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the nanoparticles. CuONPs susceptibility tests were carried out by the agar well diffusion method. The photocatalytic and antioxidant activities of the CuONPs were determined by the methylene blue and DPPH free radical scavenging assays, respectively. UV vis absorbance spectra registered surface plasmon resonance peaks between 272 and 286 nm, confirming the presence of CuONPs. The XRD array had nine strong peaks at 2θ values typical of CuONPs. FTIR spectra exhibited bands associated with organic functional groups confirming capping and functionalization of the CuONPs by the phytochemicals. DLS analysis registered a net zeta potential of +12.5 mV. SEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical and clustered with a mean diameter of 6 nm. Phytosynthesized CuONPs exhibited the highest growth suppression zones of 30 mm with MIC ranging from 30 to 125 μg/ml against MDR bacteria. Furthermore, the CuONPs achieved a methylene blue dye photocatalysis degradation efficiency of 85.5% and a free radical scavenging activity of 28.8%. PAE and CSE successfully bio-reduced copper ions to the nanoscale level with potent antimicrobial, photocatalysis, and antioxidant activities.

Project description:One major problem with the overuse of antibiotics is that the microorganisms acquire resistance; thus the dose must be increased unsustainably. To overcome this problem, researchers from around the world are actively investigating new types of antimicrobials. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been proven to exhibit strong antimicrobial effects; moreover, the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) considers ZnO as GRAS (generally recognized as safe). Many essential oils have antimicrobial activity and their components do not generate resistance over time. One of the drawbacks is the high volatility of some components, which diminishes the antimicrobial action as they are eliminated. The combination of ZnO NPs and essential oils can synergistically produce a stronger antimicrobial effect, and some of the volatile compounds can be retained on the nanoparticles' surface, ensuring a better-lasting antimicrobial effect. The samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and thermal analysis (TG-DSC) coupled with analysis of evolved gases using FTIR. The ZnO NPs, with a size of ~35 nm, exhibited a loading between 1.44% and 15.62%-the lower values were specific for limonene-containing oils (e.g., orange, grapefruit, bergamot, or limette), while high values were obtained from cinnamon, minzol, thyme, citronella, and lavender oils-highlighting differences among non-polar terpenes and alcohol or aldehyde derivatives. The antibacterial assay indicated the existence of a synergic action among components and a high dependency on the percentage of loaded oil. Loaded nanoparticles offer immense potential for the development of materials with specific applications, such as wound dressings or food packaging. These nanoparticles can be utilized in scenarios where burst delivery is desired or when prolonged antibacterial activity is sought.

Project description:The application of novel bacterial strains for effective biosynthesis of nanoparticles minimizes negative environmental impact and eliminates challenges of available approaches. In the present study, cell-free extract of Stenotrophomonas sp. BS95. was used for synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs). Characterization of crude and calcined CuONPs was carried out by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Afterward, biogenic CuONPs were evaluated for antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects using broth micro-dilution method, DPPH assay and alamarBlue assay, respectively. Finally, molecular mechanisms behind anticancer effects of CuONPs was ascertained by real time PCR. UV-vis absorbance spectra registered surface plasmon resonance peaks at 286 nm and 420 nm for crude and calcined CuONPs, respectively. FTIR spectra exhibited bands associated with organic functional groups of bacterial proteins, confirming capping and functionalization of CuONPs. The average crystallite size of crude and calcined CuONPs was determined as 18.24 and 21.3 nm by XRD, respectively. The average zeta potentials of crude and calcined CuONPs were as -28.57 ± 5.13 and -29.47 ± 4.78 mV, respectively, indicating their high stability. Electron microscopy revealed that crude and calcined CuONPs were roughly spherical particles with an average size of 35.24 ± 4.64 and 43.68 ± 2.31 nm, respectively. Biogenic CuONPs induced antibacterial effects with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 62.5 to 1,000 μg/ml against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains. The antioxidant activity of crude and calcined CuONPs was found to be 83% ± 2.64% and 78% ± 1.73%, respectively. More intriguingly, CuONPs exerted considerable cytotoxic effects on human colon and gastric adenocarcinoma cells, while induced low toxicity on normal cells. Anticancer effects of biogenic CuONPs were confirmed by significant changes induced in the expression of apoptosis-related genes, including P53, BAX, BCL2 and CCND1. Hence, biosynthesized CuONPs could be considered as potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer agents.

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Interaction between Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Amino Acids: Influence on the Antibacterial Activity.

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Interaction between Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Amino Acids: Influence on the Antibacterial Activity.

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