Dataset Information

The relationship between maladaptive appraisals and posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: Cognitive models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest maladaptive appraisals play a central role in the aetiology of this disorder. The current meta-analysis sought to provide a comprehensive, quantitative examination of the relationship between maladaptive appraisals and PTSD. One-hundred and 35 studies met study inclusion criteria and were subject to random effects meta-analysis. A large effect size was found for the relationship between appraisals and PTSD (r = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.51-0.56, k = 147), albeit with significant heterogeneity. In studies using only the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory or Child Post-traumatic Cognitions Inventory, the effect size remained large (r = 0.56; k = 104). In adults, appraisals about the self had a large effect size (r = 0.61), appraisals about the world had a medium effect size (r = 0.46) and self-blame appraisals had a small effect size (r = 0.28). In child/adolescent studies, large effect sizes were found for both 'fragile person in a scary world' and 'permanent and disturbing change' appraisals (r = 0.54 and r = 0.60, respectively). The effect size remained large in prospective longitudinal studies up to one year after trauma. There was no moderation effect for civilian vs military populations, questionnaire vs interview measures of PTSD, single vs multiple trauma exposure, or intentional vs unintentional trauma. The main effect size estimate was robust to sensitivity analyses concerning statistics used, study quality and outliers. These findings are consistent with the strong role for maladaptive appraisals in the aetiology of PTSD proposed by cognitive models. In particular, the role of self-appraisals in adults was highlighted. Avenues for future research include more studies in child, multiple trauma and military populations and longer-term follow up studies.

SUBMITTER: Gomez de La Cuesta G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6566671 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The relationship between maladaptive appraisals and posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis.

Gómez de La Cuesta Georgina G Schweizer Susanne S Diehle Julia J Young Judith J Meiser-Stedman Richard R

European journal of psychotraumatology 20190605 1

Cognitive models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest maladaptive appraisals play a central role in the aetiology of this disorder. The current meta-analysis sought to provide a comprehensive, quantitative examination of the relationship between maladaptive appraisals and PTSD. One-hundred and 35 studies met study inclusion criteria and were subject to random effects meta-analysis. A large effect size was found for the relationship between appraisals and PTSD (r <i>= 0.53, 95% CI = 0 ...[more]

PMID: 31231479

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Project description:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental disorder and can severely interfere with the normal life of the affected people. Previous studies have examined the association of PTSD with genetic variants in multiple dopaminergic genes with inconsistent results. To perform a systematic literature search and conduct meta-analysis to examine whether genetic variants in the dopaminergic system is associated with PTSD. Data Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, and HuGE. Study eligibility criteria and participants: The studies included subjects who had been screened for the presence of PTSD; the studies provided data for genetic variants of genes involved in the dopaminergic system; the outcomes of interest included diagnosis status of PTSD; and the studies were case-control studies. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Odds ratio was used as a measure of association. We used random-effects model in all the meta-analyses. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using I², and publication bias was evaluated using Egger test. Findings from meta-analyses were confirmed using random-effects meta-analyses under the framework of generalized linear model (GLM). A total of 19 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in our analyses. We found that rs1800497 in DRD2 was significantly associated with PTSD (OR?=?1.96, 95% CI: 1.15-3.33; P?=?0.014). The 3'-UTR variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in SLC6A3 also showed significant association with PTSD (OR?=?1.62, 95% CI: 1.12-2.35; P?=?0.010), but there was no association of rs4680 in COMT with PTSD (P?=?0.595). Sample size is limited for some studies; type and severity of traumatic events varied across studies; we could not control for potential confounding factors, such as age at traumatic events and gender; and we could not examine gene-environment interaction due to lack of data. We found that rs1800497 in DRD2 and the VNTR in SLC6A3 showed significant association with PTSD. Future studies controlling for confounding factors, with large sample sizes and more homogeneous traumatic exposure, are needed to validate the findings from this study.

Dataset Information

The relationship between maladaptive appraisals and posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis.

Publications

The relationship between maladaptive appraisals and posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis.

Similar Datasets

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