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Optically Coherent Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Micrometer-Thin Etched Diamond Membranes.

ABSTRACT: Diamond membrane devices containing optically coherent nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are key to enable novel cryogenic experiments such as optical ground-state cooling of hybrid spin-mechanical systems and efficient entanglement distribution in quantum networks. Here, we report on the fabrication of a (3.4 ± 0.2) ?m thin, smooth (surface roughness rq < 0.4 nm over an area of 20 ?m by 30 ?m) diamond membrane containing individually resolvable, narrow linewidth (< 100 MHz) NV centers. We fabricate this sample via a combination of high-energy electron irradiation, high-temperature annealing, and an optimized etching sequence found via a systematic study of the diamond surface evolution on the microscopic level in different etch chemistries. Although our particular device dimensions are optimized for cavity-enhanced entanglement generation between distant NV centers in open, tunable microcavities, our results have implications for a broad range of quantum experiments that require the combination of narrow optical transitions and micrometer-scale device geometry.

SUBMITTER: Ruf M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6571932 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Optically Coherent Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Micrometer-Thin Etched Diamond Membranes.

Ruf Maximilian M IJspeert Mark M van Dam Suzanne S de Jong Nick N van den Berg Hans H Evers Guus G Hanson Ronald R

Nano letters 20190604 6

Diamond membrane devices containing optically coherent nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are key to enable novel cryogenic experiments such as optical ground-state cooling of hybrid spin-mechanical systems and efficient entanglement distribution in quantum networks. Here, we report on the fabrication of a (3.4 ± 0.2) μm thin, smooth (surface roughness r<sub>q</sub> < 0.4 nm over an area of 20 μm by 30 μm) diamond membrane containing individually resolvable, narrow linewidth (< 100 MHz) NV centers. W ...[more]

PMID: 31136192

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Project description:Naturally occurring paramagnetic species (PS), such as free radicals and paramagnetic metalloproteins, play an essential role in a multitude of critical physiological processes including metabolism, cell signaling, and immune response. These highly dynamic species can also act as intrinsic biomarkers for a variety of disease states, while synthetic paramagnetic probes targeted to specific sites on biomolecules enable the study of functional information such as tissue oxygenation and redox status in living systems. The work presented herein describes a new sensing method that exploits the spin-dependent emission of photoluminescence (PL) from an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for rapid, nondestructive detection of PS in living systems. Uniquely this approach involves simple measurement protocols that assess PL contrast with and without the application of microwaves. The method is demonstrated to detect concentrations of paramagnetic salts in solution and the widely used magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent gadobutrol with a limit of detection of less than 10 attomol over a 100 μm × 100 μm field of view. Real-time monitoring of changes in the concentration of paramagnetic salts is demonstrated with image exposure times of 20 ms. Further, dynamic tracking of chemical reactions is demonstrated via the conversion of low-spin cyanide-coordinated Fe3+ to hexaaqua Fe3+ under acidic conditions. Finally, the capability to map paramagnetic species in model cells with subcellular resolution is demonstrated using lipid membranes containing gadolinium-labeled phospholipids under ambient conditions in the order of minutes. Overall, this work introduces a new sensing approach for the realization of fast, sensitive imaging of PS in a widefield format that is readily deployable in biomedical settings. Ultimately, this new approach to nitrogen vacancy-based quantum sensing paves the way toward minimally invasive real-time mapping and observation of free radicals in in vitro cellular environments.

Dataset Information

Optically Coherent Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Micrometer-Thin Etched Diamond Membranes.

Publications

Optically Coherent Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Micrometer-Thin Etched Diamond Membranes.

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