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Synthesis and Properties of Tung Oil-Based Unsaturated Co-Ester Resins Bearing Steric Hindrance.

ABSTRACT: New tung oil (TO)-based, unsaturated, co-ester (Co-UE) macromonomers bearing steric hindrance were synthesized by modifying a TO-based maleate (TOPERMA) monomer with an anhydride structure with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methallyl alcohol (MAA), respectively. The obtained Co-UE monomers (TOPERMA-HEMA and TOPERMA-MAA) were then characterized by ¹ H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). For comparison, hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA)-modified TOPERMA (TOPERMA-HEA) was also synthesized and characterized. Subsequently, the obtained Co-UEs were thermally cured with styrene, and the ultimate properties of the resulting materials were studied. It was found that by introducing the structure of steric hindrance into the TO-based Co-UE monomer, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the resulting materials were improved. Furthermore, by reducing the length of the flexible chain in the Co-UE monomer, the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and glass transition temperature (T_g) of the resultant materials were also improved. The TOPERMA-MAA resin gave the best performance in these TO-based Co-UE resins, which showed a tensile strength of 32.2 MPa, Young's modulus of 2.38 GPa, and T_g of 130.3 °C. The developed ecofriendly materials show promise in structural plastic applications.

SUBMITTER: Liu C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6572467 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Synthesis and Properties of Tung Oil-Based Unsaturated Co-Ester Resins Bearing Steric Hindrance.

Liu Chengguo C Wu Qiong Q An Rongrong R Shang Qianqian Q Feng Guodong G Hu Yun Y Jia Puyou P Zhou Yonghong Y Lei Wen W

Polymers 20190507 5

New tung oil (TO)-based, unsaturated, co-ester (Co-UE) macromonomers bearing steric hindrance were synthesized by modifying a TO-based maleate (TOPERMA) monomer with an anhydride structure with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methallyl alcohol (MAA), respectively. The obtained Co-UE monomers (TOPERMA-HEMA and TOPERMA-MAA) were then characterized by <sup>1</sup> H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). For comparison, hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA)-modified TOPERMA (TOPERMA-HEA) was also ...[more]

PMID: 31067834

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Project description:BackgroundIn computational structural biology, structure comparison is fundamental for our understanding of proteins. Structure comparison is, e.g., algorithmically the starting point for computational studies of structural evolution and it guides our efforts to predict protein structures from their amino acid sequences. Most methods for structural alignment of protein structures optimize the distances between aligned and superimposed residue pairs, i.e., the distances traveled by the aligned and superimposed residues during linear interpolation. Considering such a linear interpolation, these methods do not differentiate if there is room for the interpolation, if it causes steric clashes, or more severely, if it changes the topology of the compared protein backbone curves.ResultsTo distinguish such cases, we analyze the linear interpolation between two aligned and superimposed backbones. We quantify the amount of steric clashes and find all self-intersections in a linear backbone interpolation. To determine if the self-intersections alter the protein's backbone curve significantly or not, we present a path-finding algorithm that checks if there exists a self-avoiding path in a neighborhood of the linear interpolation. A new path is constructed by altering the linear interpolation using a novel interpretation of Reidemeister moves from knot theory working on three-dimensional curves rather than on knot diagrams. Either the algorithm finds a self-avoiding path or it returns a smallest set of essential self-intersections. Each of these indicates a significant difference between the folds of the aligned protein structures. As expected, we find at least one essential self-intersection separating most unknotted structures from a knotted structure, and we find even larger motions in proteins connected by obstruction free linear interpolations. We also find examples of homologous proteins that are differently threaded, and we find many distinct folds connected by longer but simple deformations. TM-align is one of the most restrictive alignment programs. With standard parameters, it only aligns residues superimposed within 5 Ångström distance. We find 42165 topological obstructions between aligned parts in 142068 TM-alignments. Thus, this restrictive alignment procedure still allows topological dissimilarity of the aligned parts.ConclusionsBased on the data we conclude that our program ProteinAlignmentObstruction provides significant additional information to alignment scores based solely on distances between aligned and superimposed residue pairs.

Dataset Information

Synthesis and Properties of Tung Oil-Based Unsaturated Co-Ester Resins Bearing Steric Hindrance.

Publications

Synthesis and Properties of Tung Oil-Based Unsaturated Co-Ester Resins Bearing Steric Hindrance.

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