Dataset Information

A Prospective Study of Circulating Tumor DNA to Guide Matched Targeted Therapy in Lung Cancers.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Liquid biopsy for plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) next-generation sequencing (NGS) is commercially available and increasingly adopted in clinical practice despite a paucity of prospective data to support its use. METHODS:Patients with advanced lung cancers who had no known oncogenic driver or developed resistance to current targeted therapy (n?=?210) underwent plasma NGS, targeting 21 genes. A subset of patients had concurrent tissue NGS testing using a 468-gene panel (n?=?106). Oncogenic driver detection, test turnaround time (TAT), concordance, and treatment response guided by plasma NGS were measured. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS:Somatic mutations were detected in 64.3% (135/210) of patients. ctDNA detection was lower in patients who were on systemic therapy at the time of plasma collection compared with those who were not (30/70, 42.9% vs 105/140, 75.0%; OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.1 to 0.5, P?

SUBMITTER: Sabari JK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6579739 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Prospective Study of Circulating Tumor DNA to Guide Matched Targeted Therapy in Lung Cancers.

Sabari Joshua K JK Offin Michael M Stephens Dennis D Ni Andy A Lee Adrian A Pavlakis Nick N Clarke Stephen S Diakos Connie I CI Datta Sutirtha S Tandon Nidhi N Martinez Andres A Myers Mackenzie L ML Makhnin Alex A Leger Ysleni Y Yu Helena A HA Paik Paul K PK Chaft Jamie E JE Kris Mark G MG Jeon Jeong O JO Borsu Laetitia A LA Ladanyi Marc M Arcila Maria E ME Hernandez Jennifer J Henderson Samantha S Shaffer Tristan T Garg Kavita K DiPasquo Dan D Raymond Christopher K CK Lim Lee P LP Li Mark M Hellmann Matthew D MD Drilon Alexander A Riely Gregory J GJ Rusch Valerie W VW Jones David R DR Rimner Andreas A Rudin Charles M CM Isbell James M JM Li Bob T BT

Journal of the National Cancer Institute 20190601 6

<h4>Background</h4>Liquid biopsy for plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) next-generation sequencing (NGS) is commercially available and increasingly adopted in clinical practice despite a paucity of prospective data to support its use.<h4>Methods</h4>Patients with advanced lung cancers who had no known oncogenic driver or developed resistance to current targeted therapy (n = 210) underwent plasma NGS, targeting 21 genes. A subset of patients had concurrent tissue NGS testing using a 468-gene pa ...[more]

PMID: 30496436

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Project description:Retrospective studies have demonstrated that cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) hotspot testing predicts matched therapy response to first- and second-line therapies in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, no prospective outcomes studies have evaluated ctDNA-guided matched therapy decision making on the basis of comprehensive plasma genomic testing including all four major classes of alterations. Here, we report the clinical utility of this approach in advanced solid tumor cancers. We conducted a multiple parallel cohort, open-label, clinical trial using ctDNA-guided matched therapy when tissue was insufficient or unobtainable for next-generation sequencing. Plasma-based digital sequencing identified point mutations in 70 genes and indels, fusions, and copy number amplifications in selected genes. Patients with prespecified targetable alterations in metastatic NSCLC, gastric cancer (GC), and other cancers were matched to several independent targeted agent trials at a tertiary academic center. Somatic alterations were detected in 59 patients with GC (78%), and 25 patients (33%) had targetable alterations (ERBB2, n = 11; MET, n = 5; FGFR2, n = 3; PIK3CA, n = 6). In NSCLC, 62 patients (85%) had somatic alterations, and 34 (47%) had targetable alterations (EGFR, n = 29; ALK, n = 2; RET, n = 1; ERBB2, n = 2). After confirmation of ctDNA findings on tissue (to meet trial eligibility criteria), 10 patients with GC and 17 patients with NSCLC received molecularly matched therapy. Response rate and disease control rate were 67% and 100%, respectively, in GC and 87% and 100%, respectively, in NSCLC. Response was independent of targeted alteration variant allele fraction in NSCLC (P = .63). To our knowledge, this is the first prospective feasibility study of comprehensive ctDNA-guided treatment in advanced GC and lung cancers. Response rates in this interim analysis are similar to those in tissue-based targeted therapy studies.

Project description:ImportanceTumor genetic sequencing identifies potentially targetable genetic alterations with therapeutic implications. Analysis has concentrated on detecting tumor-specific variants, but recognition of germline variants may prove valuable as well.ObjectiveTo estimate the burden of germline variants identified through routine clinical tumor sequencing.Design, setting, and participantsPatients with advanced cancer diagnoses eligible for studies of targeted agents at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center are offered tumor-normal sequencing with MSK-IMPACT, a 341-gene panel. We surveyed the germline variants seen in 187 overlapping genes with Mendelian disease associations in 1566 patients who had undergone tumor profiling between March and October 2014.Main outcomes and measuresThe number of presumed pathogenic germline variants (PPGVs) and variants of uncertain significance per person in 187 genes associated with single-gene disorders and the proportions of individuals with PPGVs in clinically relevant gene subsets, in genes consistent with known tumor phenotypes, and in genes with evidence of second somatic hits in their tumors.ResultsThe mean age of the 1566 patients was 58 years, and 54% were women. Presumed pathogenic germline variants in known Mendelian disease-associated genes were identified in 246 of 1566 patients (15.7%; 95% CI, 14.0%-17.6%), including 198 individuals with mutations in genes associated with cancer susceptibility. Germline findings in cancer susceptibility genes were concordant with the individual's cancer type in only 81 of 198 cases (40.9%; 95% CI, 34.3%-47.9%). In individuals with PPGVs retained in the tumor, somatic alteration of the other allele was seen in 39 of 182 cases (21.4%; 95% CI, 16.1%-28.0%), of which 13 cases did not show a known correlation of the germline mutation and a known syndrome. Mutations in non-cancer-related Mendelian disease genes were seen in 55 of 1566 cases (3.5%; 95% CI, 27.1%-45.4%). Almost every individual had more than 1 variant of uncertain significance (1565 of 1566 patients; 99.9%; 95% CI, 99.6%-99.9%).Conclusions and relevanceGermline variants are common in individuals undergoing tumor-normal sequencing and may reveal otherwise unsuspected syndromic associations.

Dataset Information

A Prospective Study of Circulating Tumor DNA to Guide Matched Targeted Therapy in Lung Cancers.

Publications

A Prospective Study of Circulating Tumor DNA to Guide Matched Targeted Therapy in Lung Cancers.

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