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Palladium/palladium oxide coated electrospun fibers for wearable sweat pH-sensors.

ABSTRACT: The work describes the development of a flexible, hydrogel embedded pH-sensor that can be integrated in inexpensive wearable and non-invasive devices at epidermal level for electrochemical quantification of H⁺ ions in sweat. Such a device can be useful for swift, real time diagnosis and for monitoring specific conditions. The sensors' working electrodes are flexible poly(methyl methacrylate) electrospun fibers coated with a thin gold layer and electrochemically functionalized with nanostructured palladium/palladium oxide. The response to H⁺ ions is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy while open circuit potential measurements show a sensitivity of aprox. -59 mV per pH unit. The modification of the sensing interface upon basic and acid treatment is characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and the chemical composition by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In order to demonstrate the functionality of the pH-sensor at epidermal level, as a wearable device, the palladium/palladium oxide working electrode and silver/silver chloride reference electrode are embedded within a pad of polyacrylamide hydrogel and measurements in artificial sweat over a broad pH range were performed. Sensitivity up to -28 mV/pH unit, response time below 30?s, temperature dependence of approx. 1?mV/°C as well as the minimum volume to which the sensor responses of 250 nanoliters were obtained for this device. The proposed configuration represents a viable alternative making use of low-cost and fast fabrication processes and materials.

SUBMITTER: Diculescu VC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6586619 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Palladium/palladium oxide coated electrospun fibers for wearable sweat pH-sensors.

Diculescu Victor C VC Beregoi Mihaela M Evanghelidis Alexandru A Negrea Raluca F RF Apostol Nicoleta G NG Enculescu Ionut I

Scientific reports 20190620 1

The work describes the development of a flexible, hydrogel embedded pH-sensor that can be integrated in inexpensive wearable and non-invasive devices at epidermal level for electrochemical quantification of H<sup>+</sup> ions in sweat. Such a device can be useful for swift, real time diagnosis and for monitoring specific conditions. The sensors' working electrodes are flexible poly(methyl methacrylate) electrospun fibers coated with a thin gold layer and electrochemically functionalized with nan ...[more]

PMID: 31222160

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Project description:Aim:The aim of the present work was to develop biodegradable alginate (ALG)-containing fibrous membranes intended for tissue repair, acting as both drug delivery systems and cell growth guidance. Methods:Membranes were prepared by electrospinning. Since ALG can be electrospun only when blended with other spinnable polymers, dextran (DEX) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were investigated as process adjuvants. ALG/DEX mixtures, characterized by different rheological and conductivity properties, were prepared in phosphate buffer or deionized water; surfactants were added to modulate polymer solution surface tension. The Design of Experiments (DoE) approach (full factorial design) was used to investigate the role of polymer solution features (rheological properties, surface tension, and conductivity) on electrospun fiber morphology. A high viscosity at 1,000 s-1 (1.3-1.9 Pa.s) or a high pseudoplasticity index (?1.7), combined with a low surface tension (30-32 mN/m) and a low conductivity (800-1,000 ?S/cm), was responsible for the production of ALG/DEX homogeneous fibers. Such ranges were successfully employed for the preparation of ALG-containing fibers, using PEO, instead of DEX, as process adjuvant. ALG/DEX and ALG/PEO fibers were subsequently subjected to cross-linking/coating processes to make them slowly biodegradable in aqueous medium. In particular, ALG/PEO fibers were cross-linked and coated with CaCl2/chitosan solutions in water/ethanol mixtures. Due to DEX high content, ALG/DEX fibers were soaked in a polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) solution in ethyl acetate. Results:Both cross-linking and coating processes made fibers insoluble in physiological medium and produced an increase in their mechanical resistance, assessed by means of a tensile test. PLGA-coated ALG/DEX and chitosan-coated ALG/PEO fibers were biocompatible and able to support fibroblast adhesion. Conclusion:The DoE approach allowed to draw up guidelines useful for the preparation of homogeneous fibers, starting from mixtures of ALG and non-ionic polymers. Such fibers, upon coating, resulted to be good cell substrates, allowing cell adhesion and growth.

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Palladium/palladium oxide coated electrospun fibers for wearable sweat pH-sensors.

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Palladium/palladium oxide coated electrospun fibers for wearable sweat pH-sensors.

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