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Manganese oxide synthesized from spent Zn-C battery for supercapacitor electrode application.

ABSTRACT: Manganese oxide (Mn₃O₄) nanomaterials have promising potential to be used as supercapacitor electrode materials due to its high energy storage performance and environmental compatibility. Besides, every year huge volume of waste batteries including Zn-C battery ends up in landfill, which aggravates the burden of waste disposal in landfill and creates environmental and health threat. Thus, transformation of waste battery back into energy application, is of great significance for sustainable strategies. Compared with complex chemical routes which mostly apply toxic acids to recover materials from Zn-C battery, this study establishes the recovery of Mn₃O₄ particles via thermal route within 900?°C under controlled atmosphere. Synthesized Mn₃O₄ were confirmed by XRD, EDS, FTIR, XPS and Raman analysis and FESEM micrographs confirmed the coexistence of spherical and cubic Mn₃O₄ particles. Mn₃O₄ electrode derived from waste Zn-C battery demonstrate compatible electrochemical performance with standard materials and conventional synthesis techniques. Mn₃O₄ electrode exhibited highest capacitance value of 125 Fg^-1 at 5 mVs^-1 scan rate. The stability of the electrode showed good retention in discharge and charge capacity by about 80% after 2100 cycles. This study demonstrates that waste Zn-C battery can be further utilized for energy storage application, providing sustainable and economic benefits.

SUBMITTER: Farzana R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6586686 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Manganese oxide synthesized from spent Zn-C battery for supercapacitor electrode application.

Farzana Rifat R Hassan Kamrul K Sahajwalla Veena V

Scientific reports 20190620 1

Manganese oxide (Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanomaterials have promising potential to be used as supercapacitor electrode materials due to its high energy storage performance and environmental compatibility. Besides, every year huge volume of waste batteries including Zn-C battery ends up in landfill, which aggravates the burden of waste disposal in landfill and creates environmental and health threat. Thus, transformation of waste battery back into energy application, is of great significance ...[more]

PMID: 31221979

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Project description:Biowaste eggshell can be used as a cathode while in its calcined form and it is found to be suitable as an anode in an electrochemical cell. This not only enables energy to be stored reversibly but also achieves waste management and sustainability goals by redirecting material away from landfill. Biowaste eggshell comprises 94% calcium carbonate (CaCO3; calcite), an attractive divalent ion source as a viable option for energy storage. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive analyses of the calcined (thermally decomposed) biowaste eggshell show that CaO has been formed and the reaction is topotactic. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images of the textural relationship show that the thermal decomposition of calcite resulted in a change in morphology. High-resolution XPS spectra of the C 1s core level from the CaCO3 and CaO shows that there is a chemical difference in the carbon environments and the total atomic fraction of Ca for each sample with that of carbonate and oxygen varies. In a three-electrode configuration, a working electrode of CaCO3 is found to be electrochemically active in the positive region, whereas a CaO electrode is active in the negative region. This indicates the potential use of eggshell-derived materials for both cathode and anode. Both the electrodes exhibited a quasi-box-shaped potentiostatic curve implying a capacitor-type behaviour. The CaCO3 cathode possesses a modest discharge capacitance of 10 F g-1 but the CaO anode showed excellent capacitance value of 47.5 F g-1. The CaO electrode in both positive and negative regions, at a current density of 0.15 A g-1 exhibited 55 F g-1 with a retention of nearly 100% after 1000 cycles. At a very low sweep rate of 0.5 mV s-1, the CaO electrode showed typical redox-type behaviour with well-defined peaks illustrating battery-type behaviour. The outcome of the calcite/CaO transformation, exhibiting technological importance for energy storage applications, may help to re-evaluate biowaste before throwing it away. The current work explores the viability of eggshell derived materials as a cathode/anode for use in batteries and capacitors.

Dataset Information

Manganese oxide synthesized from spent Zn-C battery for supercapacitor electrode application.

Publications

Manganese oxide synthesized from spent Zn-C battery for supercapacitor electrode application.

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