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Localized bursting of mesocarp cells triggers catastrophic fruit cracking.

ABSTRACT: The so-called rain-cracking of sweet cherry fruit severely threatens commercial production. Simple observation tells us that cuticular microcracking (invisible) always precedes skin macrocracking (visible). The objective here was to investigate how a macrocrack develops. Incubating detached sweet cherry fruit in deionized water induces microcracking. Incubating fruit in D2O and concurrent magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates that water penetration occurs only (principally) through the microcracks, with nondetectable amounts penetrating the intact cuticle. Optical coherence tomography of detached, whole fruit incubated in deionized water, allowed generation of virtual cross-sections through the zone of a developing macrocrack. Outer mesocarp cell volume increased before macrocracks developed but increased at a markedly higher rate thereafter. Little change in mesocarp cell volume occurred in a control zone distant from the crack. As water incubation continued, the cell volume in the crack zone decreased, indicating leaking/bursting of individual mesocarp cells. As incubation continued still longer, the crack propagated between cells both to form a long, deep macrocrack. Outer mesocarp cell turgor did not differ significantly before and after incubation between fruit with or without macrocracks; nor between cells within the crack zone and those in a control zone distant from the macrocrack. The cumulative frequency distribution of the log-transformed turgor pressure of a population of outer mesocarp cells reveals all cell turgor data followed a normal distribution. The results demonstrate that microcracks develop into macrocracks following the volume increase of a few outer mesocarp cells and is soon accompanied by cell bursting.

SUBMITTER: Grimm E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6588568 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Localized bursting of mesocarp cells triggers catastrophic fruit cracking.

Grimm Eckhard E Hahn Jan J Pflugfelder Daniel D Schmidt Moritz Jonathan MJ van Dusschoten Dagmar D Knoche Moritz M

Horticulture research 20190622

The so-called rain-cracking of sweet cherry fruit severely threatens commercial production. Simple observation tells us that cuticular microcracking (invisible) always precedes skin macrocracking (visible). The objective here was to investigate how a macrocrack develops. Incubating detached sweet cherry fruit in deionized water induces microcracking. Incubating fruit in D<sub>2</sub>O and concurrent magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates that water penetration occurs only (principally) through ...[more]

PMID: 31263563

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Peach fruit undergoes a rapid softening process that involves a number of metabolic changes. Storing fruit at low temperatures has been widely used to extend its postharvest life. However, this leads to undesired changes, such as mealiness and browning, which affect the quality of the fruit. In this study, a 2-D DIGE approach was designed to screen for differentially accumulated proteins in peach fruit during normal softening as well as under conditions that led to fruit chilling injury. RESULTS: The analysis allowed us to identify 43 spots -representing about 18% of the total number analyzed- that show statistically significant changes. Thirty-nine of the proteins could be identified by mass spectrometry. Some of the proteins that changed during postharvest had been related to peach fruit ripening and cold stress in the past. However, we identified other proteins that had not been linked to these processes. A graphical display of the relationship between the differentially accumulated proteins was obtained using pairwise average-linkage cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Proteins such as endopolygalacturonase, catalase, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, pectin methylesterase and dehydrins were found to be very important for distinguishing between healthy and chill injured fruit. A categorization of the differentially accumulated proteins was performed using Gene Ontology annotation. The results showed that the 'response to stress', 'cellular homeostasis', 'metabolism of carbohydrates' and 'amino acid metabolism' biological processes were affected the most during the postharvest. CONCLUSIONS: Using a comparative proteomic approach with 2-D DIGE allowed us to identify proteins that showed stage-specific changes in their accumulation pattern. Several proteins that are related to response to stress, cellular homeostasis, cellular component organization and carbohydrate metabolism were detected as being differentially accumulated. Finally, a significant proportion of the proteins identified had not been associated with softening, cold storage or chilling injury-altered fruit before; thus, comparative proteomics has proven to be a valuable tool for understanding fruit softening and postharvest.

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Localized bursting of mesocarp cells triggers catastrophic fruit cracking.

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Localized bursting of mesocarp cells triggers catastrophic fruit cracking.

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